Temperature coefficient of offset compensation for force sensor and strain gauge
MEMS force sensors for providing temperature coefficient of offset (TCO) compensation are described herein. An example MEMS force sensor can include a TCO compensation layer to minimize the TCO of the force sensor. The bottom side of the force sensor can be electrically and mechanically mounted on a package substrate while the TCO compensation layer is disposed on the top side of the sensor. It is shown the TCO can be reduced to zero with the appropriate combination of Young's modulus, thickness, and/or thermal coefficient of expansion (TCE) of the TCO compensation layer.
1. A microelectromechanical (“MEMS”) force sensor for providing temperature coefficient of offset (TCO) compensation, the MEMS force sensor comprising:
a sensor substrate configured to receive an applied force, wherein the sensor substrate comprises a top surface and a bottom surface opposite thereto;
a sensing element arranged on the bottom surface of the sensor substrate, wherein the sensing element is configured to convert a strain on the bottom surface of the sensor substrate to an electrical signal that is proportional to the strain; and
a compensation layer arranged on the top surface of the sensor substrate, wherein the compensation layer has a thermal coefficient of expansion that is different than a thermal coefficient of expansion of the sensor substrate.
2. The MEMS force sensor of claim 1 , wherein the thermal coefficient of expansion of the compensation layer is less than the thermal coefficient of expansion of the sensor substrate.
3. The MEMS force sensor of claim 1 , wherein the thermal coefficient of expansion of the compensation layer is greater than the thermal coefficient of expansion of the sensor substrate.
4. The MEMS force sensor of claim 1 , wherein the thermal coefficient of expansion of the compensation layer is within the same order of magnitude of a thermal coefficient of expansion of a package substrate.
5. The MEMS force sensor of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the compensation layer minimizes TCO.
6. The MEMS force sensor of claim 5 , wherein TCO is minimized at a value of about zero.
7. The MEMS force sensor of claim 1 , wherein a stiffness of the compensation layer minimizes TCO.
8. The MEMS force sensor of claim 1 , wherein the thermal coefficient of expansion of the compensation layer minimizes TCO.
9. The MEMS force sensor of claim 1 , wherein a combination of a thickness, a stiffness, and the thermal coefficient of expansion of the compensation layer of the compensation layer minimizes TCO.
10. The MEMS force sensor of claim 1 , wherein the MEMS force sensor is configured to for use as strain gauge.
11. The MEMS force sensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensing element is a piezoresistive sensing element.
12. The MEMS force sensor of claim 1 , wherein the sensing element is piezoresistive and piezoelectric elements.
13. The MEMS force sensor of claim 1 , further comprising a cap substrate, wherein the sensor substrate and the cap substrate are bonded together forming a sealed cavity there between.
14. The MEMS force sensor of claim 1 , wherein the MEMS force sensor is configured for electrical and mechanical coupling to a package substrate.
15. The MEMS force sensor of claim 14 , wherein the MEMS force sensor is electrically and mechanically coupled to the package substrate, and wherein the package substrate is a printed circuit board (PCB).
16. The MEMS force sensor of claim 14 , wherein the MEMS force sensor is electrically and mechanically coupled to the package substrate, and wherein the package substrate is a flexible printed circuit board (FPC).
17. The MEMS force sensor of claim 14 , wherein the MEMS force sensor is electrically and mechanically coupled to the package substrate, and wherein the package substrate is a co-fired ceramic.
18. The MEMS force sensor of claim 1 , wherein the compensation layer is formed of at least one of polymer, polyimide, resin, polycarbonate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), silicon oxide, glass, or combinations thereof.
19. The MEMS force sensor of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of sensing elements arranged on the bottom surface of the sensor substrate.