Heterologous administration of tau vaccines

1. A method of inducing antibodies against at least one of phosphorylated Tau and enriched paired helical filaments (ePHFs) in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising:

(i) administering to the subject a priming composition comprising an immunologically effective amount of a liposome comprising:

a. a first tau phosphopeptide;

b. a helper T-cell epitope;

c. a lipidated CpG oligonucleotide; and

d. an adjuvant containing a toll-like receptor 4 ligand;

wherein the tau phosphopeptide is presented on the surface of the liposome, and the priming composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and

(ii) administering to the subject a first boosting composition comprising an immunologically effective amount of a conjugate comprising a second tau phosphopeptide and an immunogenic carrier conjugated thereto via a linker, the conjugate having the structure of formula (I):

or having the structure of formula (II):

wherein

x is an integer of 0 to 10;

n is an integer of 3 to 15;

Tau peptide represents the second tau phosphopeptide; and

Carrier represents the immunogenic carrier selected from the group consisting of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), tetanus toxoid, CRM197 and an outer membrane protein mixture from N. meningitidis (OMP), or a derivative thereof; and

the first boosting composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier;

wherein the first tau phosphopeptide and the second tau phosphopeptide each independently comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 3 and SEQ ID NO: 5 to SEQ ID NO: 12.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

the liposome comprises:

a. the first tau phosphopeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 27 to SEQ ID NO: 29 and SEQ ID NO: 31 to SEQ ID NO: 38;

b. the helper T cell epitope having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 39 to SEQ ID NO: 44;

c. the lipidated CpG oligonucleotide having a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 18 to SEQ ID NO: 22, wherein the CpG oligonucleotide comprises one or more phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and the CpG oligonucleotide is covalently linked to at least one cholesterol via a linker; and

d. monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA); and

the conjugate comprises the second tau phosphopeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1 to SEQ ID NO: 3 or SEQ ID NO: 5 to SEQ ID NO: 12 conjugated to CRM197 via the linker.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conjugate has the structure of:

wherein n is an integer of 3 to 7 and VYKS(p)PVVSGDTS(p)PRHL-CONH 2 comprises the phospho-tau peptide of SEQ ID NO:2.

4. A method for inducing antibodies against at least one of phosphorylated Tau and enriched paired helical filaments (ePHFs) in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising:

(i) administering to the subject a priming composition comprising an immunologically effective amount of a liposome comprising:

a. a first tau phosphopeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 27 to SEQ ID NO: 29 or SEQ ID NO: 31 to SEQ ID NO: 38;

b. a helper T cell epitope having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 39 to SEQ ID NO: 44;

c. a lipidated CpG oligonucleotide having a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 18 to SEQ ID NO: 22, wherein the CpG oligonucleotide comprises one or more phosphorothioate internucleotide linkages, and the CpG oligonucleotide is covalently linked to at least one cholesterol via a linker; and

d. monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA);

wherein the first tau phosphopeptide is presented on the surface of the liposome, and the priming composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and

(ii) administering to the subject a first boosting composition comprising an immunologically effective amount of a conjugate comprising a second tau phosphopeptide and an immunogenic carrier conjugated thereto via a linker, the conjugate having the structure of:

wherein n is an integer of 3 to 7 and VYKS(p)PVVSGDTS(p)PRHL-CONH 2 comprises the phospho-tau peptide of SEQ ID NO:2, and wherein the first boosting composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

5. A method for inducing antibodies against at least one of phosphorylated Tau and enriched paired helical filaments (ePHFs) in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising

(i) administering to the subject a priming composition comprising an immunologically effective amount of a liposome comprising:

(1) a first tau phosphopeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:28;

(2) a toll-like receptor 4 agonist comprising monophosphoryl hexa-acyl Lipid A, 3-deacyl;

(3) a helper T-cell epitope comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39;

(4) a lipidated CpG oligonucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:18; and

(5) at least one lipid selected from the group consisting of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl-3′-rac-glycerol (DMPG), and cholesterol,

wherein the first tau phosphopeptide is presented on the surface of the liposome, and the priming composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and

(ii) administering to the subject a first boosting composition comprising an immunologically effective amount of a conjugate comprising a second tau phosphopeptide and an immunogenic carrier conjugated thereto via a linker, the conjugate having the structure of:

wherein n is an integer of 3 to 7 and VYKS(p)PVVSGDTS(p)PRHL-CONH 2 comprises the phospho-tau peptide of SEQ ID NO:2, and wherein the first boosting composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering the first boosting composition to the subject at least once after the initial administration of the first boosting composition.

7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering to the subject a second boosting composition comprising an immunologically effective amount of the liposome and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising administering to the subject the second boosting composition at least once after the initial administration of the second boosting composition.

9. A method for inducing antibodies against at least one of phosphorylated Tau and enriched paired helical filaments (ePHFs) in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising

(i) administering to the subject a priming composition comprising an immunologically effective amount of a liposome comprising:

(1) a first tau phosphopeptide having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:28;

(2) a toll-like receptor 4 agonist comprising monophosphoryl hexa-acyl Lipid A, 3-deacyl;

(3) a helper T-cell epitope comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 39;

(4) a lipidated CpG oligonucleotide comprising the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO:18; and

(5) at least one lipid selected from the group consisting of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl-3′-rac-glycerol (DMPG), and cholesterol,

wherein the first tau phosphopeptide is presented on the surface of the liposome, and the priming composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and

(ii) administering to the subject a first boosting composition comprising an immunologically effective amount of a conjugate comprising a second tau phosphopeptide and an immunogenic carrier conjugated thereto via a linker, the conjugate having the structure of:

wherein n is an integer of 3 to 7 and VYKS(p)PVVSGDTS(p)PRHL-CONH 2 comprises the phospho-tau peptide of SEQ ID NO:2, and wherein the first boosting composition further comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; and

(iii) administering to the subject the first boosting composition or a second boosting composition comprising an immunologically effective amount of the liposome and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein (ii) is conducted before (iii).

11. The method of claim 9 , wherein (ii) is conducted after (iii).

12. The method of claim 9 , further comprising administering the first boosting composition to the subject at least once after the initial administration of the first boosting composition.

13. The method of claim 9 , comprising administering the second boosting composition to the subject at least once.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is in need of a treatment of a neurodegenerative disease or disorder caused by or associated with the formation of neurofibrillary lesions.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the neurodegenerative disease or disorder is Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, Dementia pugilistica, Down Syndrome, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease, inclusion body myositis, prion protein cerebral amyloid angiopathy, traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, parkinsonism-dementia complex of Guam, Non-Guamanian motor neuron disease with neurofibrillary tangles, argyrophilic grain dementia, corticobasal degeneration, Dementia Lewy Amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis, diffuse neurofibrillary tangles with calcification, frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17), Hallervorden-Spatz disease, multiple system atrophy, Niemann-Pick disease, type C, Pick's disease, progressive subcortical gliosis, progressive supranuclear palsy, Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, Tangle only dementia, Postencephalitic Parkinsonism, Myotonic dystrophy, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), cerebral angiopathy or Lewy body dementia (LBD).

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the subject is in need of a treatment of Alzheimer's Disease, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's Disease, or mild to moderate Alzheimer's Disease.

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the immunologically effective amount of the liposome comprises the first tau phosphopeptide at an amount of about 25 nmoles to about 750 nmoles per dose.

18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the immunologically effective amount of the liposome comprises the first tau phosphopeptide at an amount of about 100 μg to about 2500 μg.

19. The method of claim 2 , wherein the helper T cell epitope consists of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 13 to SEQ ID NO: 17.

20. The method of claim 4 , wherein the helper T cell epitope consists of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 13 to SEQ ID NO: 17.