Perpendicular spin injection via spatial modulation of spin orbit coupling
An apparatus is provided which comprises: a magnetic junction having a magnet with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) relative to an x-y plane of a device. In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises an interconnect partially adjacent to the structure of the magnetic junction, wherein the interconnect comprises a spin orbit material, wherein the interconnect has a pocket comprising non-spin orbit material, wherein the pocket is adjacent to the magnet of the magnetic junction. In some embodiments, the non-spin orbit material comprises metal which includes one or more of: Cu, Al, Ag, or Au.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
a magnetic junction, comprising:
a first structure comprising a magnet with an unfixed perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) relative to an x-y plane of the apparatus, the first structure comprising a first surface and an opposing second surface;
a second structure comprising one of a dielectric or a first metal; and
a third structure comprising a magnet with fixed PMA relative to the x-y plane of the apparatus, wherein the third structure is adjacent to the second structure such that the second structure is between the first surface of the first structure and the third structure; and
an interconnect comprising a spin orbit material in direct contact with a first portion of the second surface of the first structure; and
a fourth structure in direct contact with a second portion of the first structure, and laterally adjacent to the interconnect in the x-y plane, wherein the fourth structure comprises a second metal.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second metal comprises non-spin orbit material.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second metal comprises one or more of Cu, Al, Ag, or Au.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the spin orbit material of the interconnect comprises one or more of Au, W, Bi, Sb, Ta, Pt, Hf, Mo, Cu, Fe, Co, or Pd.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second metal and the interconnect have substantially the same conductivity.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the spin orbit material of the interconnect comprises an antiferromagnetic (AFM) material doped with a doping material.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the interconnect comprises a third surface in contact with the first portion of the second surface of the first structure and the fourth structure comprises a fourth surface in contact with the second portion of the second surface of the first surface, wherein the third and fourth surfaces are coplanar.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the interconnect has a first thickness greater than a second thickness of the fourth structure.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a fifth structure adjacent to the interconnect such that the first and fifth structures are on opposite surfaces of the interconnect, wherein the fifth structure comprises a magnet with in-plane magnetization relative to the x-y plane of the apparatus.
10. The apparatus of claim 9 , further comprising a sixth structure between the interconnect and the fifth structure, wherein the sixth structure comprises an antiferromagnetic (AFM) material, wherein the AFM material is a quasi-two-dimensional triangular AFM comprising Ni( 1-x )M x Ga 2 S 4 , where ‘M’ comprises one of Mn, Fe, Co or Zn.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the fourth structure extends from an outer edge of the first structure to within a position of the fourth structure not beyond a center of the first structure.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the fourth structure comprises a semi-circular shape.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the first or third structures comprises a stack comprising a first material and a second material different from the first material;
the first material comprises one of Co, Ni, Fe, or a Heusler alloy;
the Heusler alloy comprises one or more of Co, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ge, In, Mn, Al, In, Sb, Si, Sn, Ni, Pd, Ru, or V;
the second material comprises one of Pt, Pd, Jr, Ru, or Ni; and
the first material has a thickness in a range of 0.6 nm to 2 nm and the second material has a thickness in a range of 0.1 nm to 3 nm.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the dielectric comprises Mg and O.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first or the third structures comprises a super lattice comprising a first material and a second material, wherein the first material comprises one of Co, Ni, Fe, or Heusler alloy and the second material comprises one of Pt, Pd, Ir, Ru, or Ni.
16. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the spin orbit material of the interconnect comprises one or more of a 2D material, a 3D material, or an antiferromagnetic (AFM) material.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the interconnect comprises the AFM material doped with a doping material, the doping material comprising one of Co, Fe, Ni, Mn, Ga, or Bct-Ru.
18. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the spin orbit material of the interconnect comprises a 2D material and a 3D material, and wherein the 3D material is thinner than the 2D material.
19. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic junction is one of a spin valve or a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ).
20. A system comprising:
a memory;
a processor coupled to the memory, the processor or the memory comprising a magnetic memory device, comprising:
a magnetic junction comprising a magnetic layer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) relative to an x-y plane of the magnetic memory device, the magnetic layer comprising a surface in the x-y plane;
an interconnect comprising a spin orbit material in direct contact with a first portion of the surface of the magnetic layer; and
a structure comprising a metal in direct contact with a second portion of the surface of the magnetic layer, the structure laterally adjacent to the interconnect in the x-y plane; and
a wireless interface coupled to the processor.
21. The system of claim 20 , wherein the metal comprises one or more of Cu, Al, Ag, or Au.
22. The system of claim 20 , wherein the metal of the structure comprises a non-spin orbit material.
23. An apparatus, comprising:
a magnetic junction comprising a magnetic layer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) relative to an x-y plane of the apparatus, the magnetic layer comprising a surface in the x-y plane; and
an interconnect comprising a spin orbit material and a non-spin orbit material, a top surface of the spin orbit material in direct contact with a first portion of the magnetic layer and a top surface of the non-spin orbit material in direct contact with a second portion of the surface of the magnetic layer, wherein the top surfaces of the non-spin orbit material and the spin orbit material comprise coplanar top surfaces.
24. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein the non-spin orbit material comprises one or more of Cu, Al, Ag, or Au, and wherein the spin orbit material comprises one or more of Au, W, Bi, Sb, Pt, Ta, Hf, Mo, Cu, Fe, Co, or Pd.
25. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein the non-spin orbit material and the spin orbit material have substantially the same conductivity.