Method and circuit arrangement for determining an incorrect operating state of an electrical machine

1. A method for determining an incorrect operating state of an electrical machine with aid of an electronic circuit having at least one comparator, the method comprising:

controlling the electrical machine with a pulse width modulation signal;

demodulating the pulse width modulation signal;

comparing, by the at least one comparator, a first signal with a second signal, wherein the first signal represents the demodulated pulse width modulation signal, and wherein the second signal represents a rotational speed or a rotational angle of the electrical machine and/or a current intensity of the electrical machine; and

generating an error signal based on the comparing; and

determining the incorrect operating state of the electrical machine based on the error signal.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one comparator comprises a plurality of comparators, and

wherein the comparing further comprises:

generating a first relative signal from the first signal and the second signal using a lock-in amplifier, wherein the first relative signal describes an amplitude ratio of the first signal and the second signal with respect to one another;

comparing the first relative signal with a predefined minimum amplitude reference value by a first comparator of the plurality of comparators; and

comparing the first relative signal with a predefined maximum amplitude reference value by a second comparator of the plurality of comparators.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein, during the comparing:

the predefined minimum amplitude reference value and/or a minimum phase reference value is/are reduced for a predefined period; and/or

the predefined maximum amplitude reference value and/or a maximum phase reference value is/are increased for the predefined period.

4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the error signal is generated when the first relative signal is outside of an amplitude range defined by the predefined minimum amplitude reference value and the predefined maximum amplitude reference value.

5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the comparing further comprises:

generating a second relative signal from the first signal and from the second signal using the lock-in amplifier, wherein the second relative signal describes a phase shift from the first signal to the second signal;

comparing the second relative signal with a predefined minimum phase reference value by a third comparator of the plurality of comparators; and

comparing the second relative signal with a predefined maximum phase reference value by a fourth comparator of the plurality of comparators.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein, during the comparing:

the predefined minimum amplitude reference value and/or the predefined minimum phase reference value is/are reduced for a predefined period; and/or

the predefined maximum amplitude reference value and/or the predefined maximum phase reference value is/are increased for the predefined period.

7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the error signal is generated when the first relative signal is outside of an amplitude range defined by the predefined minimum amplitude reference value and the predefined maximum amplitude reference value, or the second relative signal is outside of a phase range defined by the predefined minimum phase reference value and the predefined maximum phase reference value.

8. The method of claim 2 , wherein a third relative signal is formed from the first signal by a differentiator, and

wherein the differentiator, in conjunction with a voltage-controlled oscillator, modulates an amplitude of the first relative signal such that a frequency of the third relative signal corresponds to a frequency of the first signal, a frequency of the demodulated pulse width modulation signal, or a frequency of the second signal.

9. The method of claim 2 , wherein an output voltage which respectively results with aid of the plurality of comparators during each comparison is supplied to an AND gate.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein, in order to demodulate the pulse width modulation signal, the pulse width modulation signal is converted into a pulse amplitude modulation signal, and

wherein the pulse amplitude modulation signal is supplied to a low-pass filter.

11. A switching arrangement comprising:

at least one comparator for determining an incorrect operating state of an electrical machine;

a control unit for controlling the electrical machine with a pulse width modulation signal; and

a demodulation unit for demodulating the pulse width modulation signal,

wherein the at least one comparator is configured to compare a first signal with a second signal, wherein the first signal represents the demodulated pulse width modulation signal, and wherein the second signal represents a rotational speed or a rotational angle of the electrical machine and/or a current intensity of the electrical machine, and

wherein the at least one comparator and/or the control unit is/are configured to generate an error signal based on the comparison and determine the incorrect operating state of the electrical machine based on the error signal.

12. The switching arrangement of claim 11 , further comprising:

a lock-in amplifier configured to generate a first relative signal and a second relative signal, wherein the first relative signal describes an amplitude ratio of the first signal and the second signal with respect to one another, and wherein the second relative signal describes a phase shift from the first signal to the second signal, in order to compare one realtive signal of the first and second relative signals with a further reference signal by the at least one comparator; and

at least one AND gate connected to an output signal from the at least one comparator.

13. The switching arrangement of claim 12 , further comprising:

at least one pulse counter configured to predefine a period,

wherein the at least one pulse counter is connected to the at least one AND gate.