Acoustic wave resonator

1. An acoustic wave resonator, comprising:

a resonance active region spaced apart from a substrate by a cavity, the resonance active region comprising a sequentially stacked first electrode layer, piezoelectric layer, and second electrode layer;

a membrane layer, wherein a portion of the membrane layer forms an upper side portion of the cavity; and

plural passages respectively connecting the cavity to an outside, each of the plural passages including a respective outside access to the outside, separated from a perimeter of the resonance active region, and a respective cavity access of the cavity at a periphery of the respective passage, each cavity access being a lateral opening disposed between the membrane layer and the substrate, a gap between the membrane layer and the substrate of each passage at the lateral opening being greater than a gap between the membrane layer and the substrate at a central portion of the cavity,

wherein the membrane layer is continuously disposed from the portion of the membrane layer that forms the upper side portion of the cavity to an area outside of the periphery of the passages, and

wherein the portion of the membrane layer includes a thickness deviation ΔMg, the thickness deviation ΔMg being a difference between a maximum layer thickness and a minimum layer thickness of the portion of the membrane layer, and where 0 Å<ΔMg<170 Å.

2. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 1 , further comprising respective connection electrodes, connecting to outside of the resonance active region, of the first electrode and the second electrode,

wherein a total length of the respective cavity accesses along the perimeter of the resonance active region is greater than or equal to a total width of the respective connection electrodes along the periphery of the resonance active region.

3. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 2 , wherein the resonance active region has a polygonal shape, and the plural passages extend in respective directions away from the polygonal shape of the resonance active region.

4. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 3 , wherein the perimeter of the resonance active region has a square shape, and the total area (μm 2 ) within the perimeter of the resonance active region is a square of a length (μm) of one side of the perimeter of the resonance active region.

5. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 2 , wherein the total width of the respective connection electrodes is greater than or equal to 120 μm.

6. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 1 , wherein 30 μm≤Ra/Hw≤200 μm is satisfied, Ra being a total area (μm 2 ) within the perimeter of the resonance active region, and Hw being a total length (μm) of all of the respective cavity accesses along the perimeter of the resonance active region.

7. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 6 , wherein Ra/Hw is less than 175 μm.

8. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 7 , wherein Ra/Hw is greater than 125 μm and less than 160 μm.

9. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 1 , wherein ΔMg is greater than 10 Å.

10. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 9 , wherein ΔMg is less than 50 Å.

11. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 9 , wherein ΔMg is greater than 50 Å and less than 100 Å.

12. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 1 ,

wherein a layer portion of another layer forming a lower side of the cavity has corresponding layer thickness differences, where a difference between a maximum layer thickness and a minimum layer thickness of the layer portion of the other layer is ΔSg, and

wherein a total of ΔMg and ΔSg is ΔCg, which meets the expression of 0 Å<ΔCg≤340 Å.

13. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 12 ,

wherein the other layer is an etch layer formed on the substrate or the other layer is the substrate.

14. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 1 , wherein ΔMg is greater than 100 Å.

15. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 14 , wherein ΔMg is less than or equal to 150 Å.

16. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 1 , further comprising a frame formed on the second electrode, and the perimeter of the resonance active region is within a perimeter of the frame.

17. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 1 , wherein the plural passages each respectively radiate outward from the respective cavity accesses in a direction toward a periphery of the cavity, with each of the respective outside accesses having a respective non-curved or curved opening length.

18. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 1 , wherein ΔMg is equal to or less than 100 Å.

19. An acoustic wave resonator, comprising:

a resonance active region spaced apart from a substrate by a cavity, the resonance active region comprising a sequentially stacked first electrode layer, piezoelectric layer, and second electrode layer;

a membrane layer, wherein a portion of the membrane layer forms an upper side portion of the cavity; and

one or more tunnels having respective cavity openings that are open to the outside at a periphery of the respective tunnel, the respective cavity openings being lateral openings disposed between the membrane layer and the substrate within the cavity, a gap between the membrane layer and the substrate of each tunnel at the lateral openings being greater than a gap between the membrane layer and the substrate at a central portion of the cavity,

wherein the membrane layer is continuously disposed from the portion of the membrane layer that forms the upper side portion of the cavity to an area outside of the periphery of the one or more tunnels, and

wherein the resonance active region has a polygonal shape, and the one or more tunnels extend in respective directions away from the polygonal shape of the resonance active region.

20. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 19 , wherein 30 μm≤Ra/Hw≤200 μm is satisfied, Ra being a total area (μm 2 ) within a perimeter of the resonance active region, and Hw being a total length (μm) of all of the respective cavity openings along the perimeter of the resonance active region.

21. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 20 , wherein Ra/Hw is less than 175 μm.

22. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 21 , wherein Ra/Hw is less than 160 μm.

23. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 22 , wherein Ra/Hw is greater than 125 μm.

24. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 19 , wherein the portion of the membrane layer forming the upper side portion of the cavity has corresponding layer thickness differences, where a difference between a maximum layer thickness and a minimum layer thickness of the portion of the membrane layer is ΔMg, wherein 0 Å<ΔMg<170 Å.

25. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 24 , wherein ΔMg is greater than 10 Å.

26. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 25 , wherein ΔMg is less than 50 Å.

27. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 24 , wherein ΔMg is greater than 50 Å and less than 100 Å.

28. The acoustic wave resonator of claim 19 ,

wherein the portion of the membrane layer forming the upper side portion of the cavity has corresponding layer thickness differences, where a difference between a maximum layer thickness and a minimum layer thickness of the portion of the membrane layer is ΔMg,

wherein a layer portion of another layer forming a lower surface of the cavity has corresponding layer thickness differences, where a difference between a maximum layer thickness and a minimum layer thickness of the layer portion of other layer is ΔSg, and

wherein a total of ΔMg and ΔSg is represented by ΔCg, representing vertical gap deviations of the cavity, which meets the expression of 0 Å<ΔCg≤340 Å.