Control systems for hybrid electric powerplants

1. A control system for a hybrid electric powerplant of an aircraft, comprising:

a master controller configured to receive one or more power settings and to output a heat engine setting and an electric motor setting;

a heat engine controller operatively connected to the master controller, the heat engine controller configured to receive the heat engine setting and to control a heat engine system as a function of the heat engine setting to control torque output by a heat engine;

an electric motor controller operatively connected to the master controller, the electric motor controller configured to receive the electric motor engine setting and to control an electric motor system as a function of the electric motor setting to control torque output by an electric motor,

wherein the master controller includes a protection control module configured to provide one or more protection commands to directly control one or more heat engine protection systems and one or more electric motor protection systems, wherein the one or more heat engine protection systems and the one or more electric motor protection systems are configured to provide local protection independent from each other and from the protection control module of the master controller.

2. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a propeller controller operatively connected to the master controller, wherein the master controller is configured to output a propeller setting, the propeller controller configured to receive the propeller setting from the master controller and to control a propeller control system as a function of the propeller setting.

3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the protection control module is configured to provide one or more protection commands to directly control one or more propeller protection systems, wherein the one or more propeller protection systems are configured to provide local protection independent the protection control module of the master controller.

4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the master controller is operatively connected to at least one of or each of the electric motor, the heat engine, and/or the propeller system to receive feedback therefrom to provide protection control using the protection control module.

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the electric motor system includes a battery management system (BMS), wherein the electric motor protection system includes an electrical cutoff switch disposed between the BMS and the electric motor, the electrical cutoff switch being configured to be controlled by the master controller to cut off electrical energy to the electric motor in a protection state.

6. The system of claim 4 , wherein the heat engine system is a fuel management unit, wherein the heat engine protection system includes an a fuel shutoff valve configured to be controlled by the master controller to cut off fuel flow to the fuel management unit in a protection state.

7. The system of claim 4 , wherein the propeller control system is a propeller control unit configured to control a pitch of the propeller, wherein the propeller protection system includes a feathering valve configured to be controlled by the master controller to feather the propeller in a protection state.

8. The system of claim 4 , wherein the electric motor controller, the heat engine controller, and the propeller controller are operatively connected to the electric motor, the heat motor, and the propeller system, respectively, to receive feedback therefrom for controlling the respective system.

9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the electric motor controller, the heat engine controller, and the propeller controller are operatively connected to the master controller to provide controller operation feedback and/or respective system feedback to the master controller.

10. The system of claim 4 , wherein the master controller includes a thrust control module configured to divide a thrust command into an electric torque command for use by the electric motor controller and a heat engine torque command for use by the heat engine controller such that the electric engine settings include the electric torque command and the heat engine settings include a heat engine torque command.

11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the master controller includes a propeller control module configured to receive a propeller mode setting and to output a propeller setting to achieve the selected propeller mode.

12. The system of claim 4 , wherein the master controller is configured to sense a problem with at least one of the heat engine system, the electric motor system, or the propeller system and to diagnose a cause and/or resolve the problem by controlling a different system.

13. The system of claim 4 , wherein the feedback includes a torque value and a speed value.

14. The system of claim 4 , wherein the feedback includes a temperature value for detecting heat engine fire.

15. The system of claim 4 , wherein the master controller is configured to output one or more values of the feedback to an aircraft cockpit display.

16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the master controller is located in the fuselage of the aircraft, wherein the electric motor controller and/or the heat engine controller are located in a fuselage, a wing, or hybrid-electric propulsion (HEP) system of the aircraft.

17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the master controller is disposed within an avionics stack in a cockpit of the aircraft.

18. The system of claim 4 , wherein ambient air data is input to each of the master controller, the heat engine controller, and the propeller controller.

19. A method, comprising:

controlling an electric motor with an electric motor controller;

controlling a heat engine with a heat engine controller;

providing an electric motor torque command to the electric motor controller and a heat engine torque command to the heat engine controller using a master controller; and

providing overspeed or overtorque protection to the electric motor and/or the heat engine with the master controller and providing local overspeed or overtorque protection to the electric motor and/or heat engine with one or more heat engine protection systems and one or more electric motor protection systems independent from each other and independent from the master controller.

20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:

controlling a propeller system with a propeller controller;

providing a propeller setting command to a-the propeller controller; and

providing a propeller system protection command to the propeller controller using the master controller.

21. A control system for a hybrid electric powerplant of an aircraft, comprising:

a master controller configured to receive one or more power settings and to output a heat engine setting and an electric motor setting;

a heat engine controller operatively connected to the master controller, the heat engine controller configured to receive the heat engine setting and to control a heat engine system as a function of the heat engine setting to control torque output by a heat engine;

an electric motor controller operatively connected to the master controller, the electric motor controller configured to receive the electric motor engine setting and to control an electric motor system as a function of the electric motor setting to control torque output by an electric motor,

wherein the master controller includes a protection control module configured to provide one or more protection commands to directly control one or more heat engine protection systems and one or more electric motor protection systems,

wherein the master controller is operatively connected to at least one of or each of the electric motor and/or the heat engine to receive feedback therefrom to provide protection control using the protection control module, wherein the heat engine system is a fuel management unit, wherein the heat engine protection system includes a fuel shutoff valve configured to be controlled by the master controller to cut off fuel flow upstream of the fuel management unit in a protection state.