Reactors for preparing valuable hydrocarbons and hydrogen from methane through non-oxidative pyrolysis
According to this disclosure, there is provided a pyrolysis reaction system and a direct non-oxidative methane coupling process using the same by which it is possible to reach the selectivity for good C ≤10 hydrocarbons and at the same time to inhibit coke from being generated while a good methane conversion is maintained during direct conversion of methane into C 2+ hydrocarbons through non-oxidative pyrolysis.
1. A pyrolysis system comprising a double-tube reactor having:
an inner tube;
an outer tube disposed to concentrically surround the inner tube; and
a heater member that is disposed at an outer side of the outer tube along a length of the outer tube and supplies heat through the outer tube,
wherein the inner tube operates for a supply source of inert gas, while a space defined between the inner tube and the outer tube operates for a supply source of methane-containing gas,
the heater member in the double-tube reactor has an arrangement relationship represented by Formula (1) with each of the outer tube and the inner tube, and
flowing of the inert gas through the inner tube has a relationship represented by Formula (2) with flowing of the methane-containing gas through the space defined between the inner tube and the outer tube,
d 1 /d 0 <0.5 (1)
wherein d 0 represents a length of the outer tube to which heat supplied from the heater member is directly radiated, and d 1 represents a distance from an end portion of the outer tube to which heat supplied from the heater member is directly radiated to an end portion of the inner tube,
v 1 /v 0 ≥0.5 (2)
wherein v 1 represents a volumetric flow rate of the inert gas flowing in the inner tube, and v 0 represents a volumetric flow rate of the methane-containing gas flowing in the outer tube.
2. The pyrolysis system according to claim 1 ,
wherein a material of each of the inner tube and the outer tube is at least one selected from the group consisting of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), silica (SiO 2 ), silicon carbide (SiC), boron nitride (BN), and an iron-chromium-aluminum (FeCrAl) alloy.
3. The pyrolysis system according to claim 2 ,
wherein a material of each of the inner tube and the outer tube is alumina.
4. The pyrolysis system according to claim 1 ,
wherein a ratio of an inner diameter to an outer diameter of the outer tube is in a range of 0.38 to 0.92, and a ratio of an inner diameter to an outer diameter of the inner tube is in a range of 0.38 to 0.92.
5. The pyrolysis system according to claim 1 ,
wherein a ratio of an outer diameter of the inner tube to an inner diameter of the outer tube is in a range of 0.01 to 0.83.
6. The pyrolysis system according to claim 1 ,
wherein the heater member is at least one selected from a heat exchanger, a heating coil, and a combustion heater.
7. The pyrolysis system according to claim 1 ,
wherein d 1 /d 0 is 0.
8. A method for performing direct non-oxidative methane coupling, which comprises:
a) providing a pyrolysis system comprising a double-tube reactor having an inner tube, an outer tube disposed to concentrically surround the inner tube, and a heater member disposed at an outer side of the outer tube along a length of the outer tube; and
b) performing a pyrolysis reaction by supplying heat from the heater member via the outer tube and heating while supplying inert gas through the inner tube and methane-containing gas through a space defined between the inner tube and the outer tube,
wherein the heater member in the double-tube reactor has an arrangement relationship represented by Formula (1) with each of the outer tube and the inner tube, and
flowing of the inert gas through the inner tube has a relationship represented by Formula (2) with flowing of the methane-containing gas through the space defined between the inner tube and the outer tube,
d 1 /d 0 <0.5 (1)
wherein d 0 represents a length of the outer tube to which heat supplied from the heater member is directly radiated, and d 1 represents a distance from an end portion of the outer tube to which heat supplied from the heater member is directly radiated to an end portion of the inner tube,
v 1 /v 0 ≥0.5 (2)
wherein v 1 represents a volumetric flow rate of the inert gas flowing in the inner tube, and v 0 represents a volumetric flow rate of the methane-containing gas flowing in the outer tube.
9. The method according to claim 8 ,
wherein the step b) is performed under a temperature condition chosen in a range of 900° C. to 1,300° C.
10. The method according to claim 8 ,
wherein a residence time of the methane-containing gas in the double-tube reactor is adjusted in a range of 0.5 seconds to 10 seconds.
11. The method according to claim 8 ,
wherein the step b) is performed under a pressure condition chosen in a range of 0.1 bar to 5 bar.
12. The method according to claim 8 ,
wherein the methane-containing gas is at least one selected from liquefied natural gas, natural gas, and mixed gas containing methane as a main component.
13. The method according to claim 8 ,
wherein a concentration of methane in the feedstock gas is at least 60 vol. %.
14. The method according to claim 8 ,
wherein selectivity for C ≤10 hydrocarbons is at least 65% over methane conversion of 10% to 40% during the pyrolysis reaction.
15. The method according to claim 8 ,
wherein, among the converted products from methane through the pyrolysis reaction, the selectivity for C 2 hydrocarbons is 10% to 90%, the selectivity for C 3 to C 4 hydrocarbons is 10% or lower, the selectivity for C ≤10 aromatic hydrocarbons is 90% or lower, and the selectivity for C >10 hydrocarbons is 40% or lower.
16. The method according to claim 8 ,
wherein one or two or more C ≤10 hydrocarbon and hydrogen contained in a coupling product of methane obtained through the pyrolysis is separated as individual compounds by using any separation technique selected from the group consisting of distillation, chemical absorption, physical adsorption, or dissolution-diffusion.
17. The method according to claim 8 ,
wherein the inert gas is any selected from the group consisting of helium, nitrogen, argon, neon, xenon, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, steam, or a mixture thereof.
18. The method according to claim 8 ,
wherein the methane-containing gas further contains any hydrocarbon gas component or components other than methane and/or dilution gas.
19. The method according to claim 18 ,
wherein the hydrocarbon gas component or components are at least one selected from the group consisting of ethane, propane, and heavier hydrocarbons, and the amount thereof is 40 vol. % or lower.
20. The method according to claim 18 ,
wherein the dilution gas is at least one selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, helium, and hydrogen sulfide, and the amount thereof is 20 vol. % or lower.