Thermal management system for directed energy weapon system
Disclosed are systems and methods of heating and cooling a laser system by providing a vapor compression system having a plurality of compressors. A control system controls the activity of each compressor and activates and manages the speed of each compressor to efficiently provide cooling and heating of the laser system.
1. A directed energy weapon platform, comprising:
a laser system including one or more components configured to generate heat during a firing event of the laser system;
one or more hotel loads;
a cooling loop configured to provide cooling to the one or more components and the one or more hotel loads;
a vapor compression system comprising at least a first compressor and a second compressor configured to compress a refrigerant to cool the cooling loop as the cooling loop provides cooling to at least one of the one or more components or the one or more hotel loads; and
a control system configured to:
cause operation of the first compressor to cause the cooling loop to provide cooling to at least the one or more hotel loads,
detect a signal indicative of the firing event of the laser system or an expected firing event of the laser system, and
in response to detecting the signal, at least one of increase a speed of the first compressor or start the second compressor to increase the cooling provided by the cooling loop to at least the one or more components.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the cooling loop is configured to circulate the refrigerant to provide cooling to the laser system and the hotel loads.
3. The system of claim 1 ,
wherein the cooling loop is configured to circulate a heat transfer fluid to provide cooling to the laser system and the hotel loads, and
wherein the first compressor and the second compressor are configured to compress the refrigerant to cool the heat transfer fluid using one or more evaporators of the vapor compression system.
4. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 3 , wherein the heat transfer fluid is a glycol water mixture.
5. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 1 , wherein the one or more hotel loads comprise a radar system.
6. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 1 , wherein the one or more hotel loads comprise electronics configured to support the laser system.
7. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 1 , wherein the hotel loads comprise a generator configured to provide electrical power to the laser system.
8. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 1 , wherein the hotel loads comprise a battery bank configured to provide power to the laser system.
9. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 8 , wherein the control system is configured to control battery bank output voltage control, battery bank charge and discharge, and a temperature of a heat transfer fluid within the cooling loop.
10. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first compressor or the second compressor is a variable speed compressor.
11. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 1 ,
wherein the laser system is configured to provide a laser output power during the firing event,
wherein the vapor compression system is configured to provide a cooling capacity to cool the cooling loop, and
wherein the vapor compression system is configured to increase the cooling capacity by 2.5 times to 4 times of the laser output power when the control system at least one of increases the speed of the first compressor or starts the second compressor.
12. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 1 , wherein the laser system comprises a laser configured to output 50 kW or less of heat energy during the firing event.
13. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 1 , wherein the laser is configured to output 20 kW or less of heat energy during the firing event.
14. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the heat transfer fluid sent to the laser system is controlled to be below 30° C.
15. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 1 , wherein the temperature of the heat transfer fluid sent to the laser system is controlled to be below 25° C.
16. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 1 , wherein the laser system is configured to activate and fire the laser during a laser firing period of 180 seconds or less.
17. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 1 , wherein the laser system is configured to activate and fire the laser during a laser firing period of 120 seconds or less.
18. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 1 , wherein the laser system is configured to activate and fire the laser during a laser firing period of 60 seconds or less.
19. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 1 , further comprising a heating system configured to generate electric resistance heat or heat from combustion of a fuel.
20. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 1 , wherein the directed energy weapon platform includes a plurality of compressors, wherein the plurality of compressors includes the first compressor, the second compressor, and one or more additional compressors configured to compress the refrigerant.
21. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 20 , wherein the plurality of compressors includes four compressors.
22. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 1 , wherein the control system is configured to to maintain a temperature of the heat transfer fluid within a predetermined temperature range.
23. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 1 , wherein the vapor compression system, laser system and hotel loads are in fluid communication through controllable valves configured to communicate with the control system.
24. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 1 , wherein the first compressor comprises a compressor bank of at least two compressors.
25. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 1 , wherein the second compressor comprises a compressor bank of at least two compressors.
26. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 1 , wherein the firing event includes one or more laser bursts of the laser system with non-firing periods in between the one or more laser bursts.
27. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 26 , wherein a laser burst of the one or more laser bursts is more than 1 second and less than 20 seconds in duration.
28. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 26 , wherein a non-firing period of the non-firing periods is longer than 3 seconds.
29. The directed energy weapon platform of claim 1 , further comprising a thermal energy storage system.
30. A method of operating a laser weapon system, comprising:
operating, by a control system, a first compressor of a vapor compression system to compress a refrigerant to cool a cooling loop providing cooling to at least one or more hotel loads of a laser system, wherein the laser system includes one or more components configured to generate heat during a firing event of the laser system, and wherein the cooling loop is configured to provide cooling to the one or more components;
detecting, using the control system, a signal indicative of a firing event of the laser system or an expected firing event of the laser system; and
increasing, in response to detecting the signal, and using the control system, cooling provided to the one or more components by at least one of:
increasing a speed of the first compressor compressing the refrigerant, or
starting a second compressor of the vapor compression system, wherein the second compressor is configured to compress the refrigerant.
31. The method of claim 30 , wherein the first compressor and the second compressor are variable speed compressors.
32. The method of claim 30 , further comprising powering, using a battery bank, the laser weapon system during the firing event.