One-transistor devices for protecting circuits and autocatalytic voltage conversion therefor
Devices having one primary transistor, or a plurality of primary transistors in parallel, protect electrical circuits from overcurrent conditions. Optionally, the devices have only two terminals and require no auxiliary power to operate. In those devices, the voltage drop across the device provides the electrical energy to power the device. A third or fourth terminal can appear in further devices, allowing additional overcurrent and overvoltage monitoring opportunities. Autocatalytic voltage conversion allows certain devices to rapidly limit or block nascent overcurrents.
1. A device for protecting a circuit having a primary current path from an overcurrent condition, comprising:
a first terminal and a second terminal configured to route the primary current path through the device;
a first transistor comprising a first gate, a first drain, and a first source;
wherein the first transistor is a depletion mode, normally-on transistor;
wherein the first transistor is arranged in series in the primary current path between the first terminal and the second terminal;
a driver circuitry, the driver circuitry comprising a voltage converter and an oscillator,
wherein an output voltage of the voltage converter or a derivative voltage thereof is adapted to be electrically connected to an input of the oscillator,
wherein the driver circuitry is configured to convert an input voltage to a first releasably-stored voltage, and wherein the driver circuitry is configured to apply the first releasably-stored voltage or a derivative voltage thereof as a gate voltage at the first gate relative to the first source;
wherein, when a first positive voltage and a normal current condition exist from the first terminal to the second terminal, the first transistor is configured to pass current between the first terminal and the second terminal;
wherein, when a second positive voltage and an overcurrent condition exist from the first terminal to the second terminal, the driver circuitry is configured to drive the first transistor into blocking depletion mode by applying the first releasably-stored voltage or the derivative voltage thereof as the gate voltage; and
wherein the device is configured to pass current during normal current conditions, and to substantially block current during overcurrent conditions.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the output voltage of the voltage converter or the derivative voltage thereof is flexibly connected to the input of the oscillator.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the output voltage of the voltage converter or the derivative voltage thereof is permanently connected to the input of the oscillator.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the voltage converter is configured to provide a multiplied voltage to the oscillator.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the voltage converter is configured to multiply the input voltage and thereby provide a multiplied voltage to the input of the oscillator.
6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the output voltage of the voltage converter is flexibly connected to the input of the oscillator.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the voltage converter is a one-shot voltage converter.
8. The device of claim 7 , wherein the driver circuitry further comprises an extended-use voltage converter configured to continually supply the first releasably-stored voltage or the derivative voltage thereof at the gate while the overcurrent condition exists.
9. The device of claim 8 , wherein the oscillator is operable to drive the extended-use voltage converter to continually supply the first releasably-stored voltage or the derivative voltage thereof at the gate while the overcurrent condition exists.
10. The device of claim 1 , wherein the voltage converter is a jump-start voltage converter.
11. The device of claim 10 , wherein the jump-start voltage converter is an oscillator jump-start voltage converter that in configured to provide the oscillator with an oscillator-triggering voltage.
12. The device of claim 10 , wherein the jump-start voltage converter is configured to operate as a one-shot voltage converter.
13. The device of claim 10 , wherein the jump-start voltage converter is configured to operate as an extended use voltage converter.
14. The device of claim 9 , wherein the jump-start voltage converter is configured to operate as a one-shot voltage converter and an extended use voltage converter.
15. The device of claim 10 , wherein the jump-start voltage converter is configured to operate autocatalytically.
16. The device of claim 1 , wherein the oscillator is configured to operate at 750 kHz or more.
17. The device of claim 1 , wherein the oscillator is configured to operate at 100 MHz or more.
18. The device of claim 1 , wherein the oscillator is configured to drive a floater circuitry.
19. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a current monitoring circuitry configured to detect the overcurrent condition as it arises.
20. The device of claim 1 , wherein the output voltage of the voltage converter or the derivative voltage thereof is a second releasably-stored voltage.
21. The device of claim 20 , wherein the first releasably-stored voltage or the derivative voltage thereof is the second releasably-stored voltage.