Compostions and methods for enabling cholesterol catabolism in human cells
Compositions, methods, and systems for modifying sterol metabolism in a subject is disclosed. In some embodiments, the subjects may be administered one or more mammalian cells modified to express at least one sterol degrading enzyme derived from a bacterium. In many embodiments, the cell is a macrophage or monocyte stably expressing three or more enzymes that aid in opening the β ring of cholesterol. The disclosed compositions and methods may be useful in lowering cholesterol levels in a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the subject may have a genetic predisposition to atherosclerosis.
1. A nucleic acid composition comprising:
a coding sequence, coding for one or more proteins selected from humanized forms of cholesterol dehydrogenase (coded for by nucleotides 166 to 1284 of SEQ ID NO:10; CholD), 3-ketosteroid Δ1-dehydrogenase (coded for by nucleotides 170 to 1704 of SEQ ID NO:13; Δ1-KstD), anoxic cholesterol metabolism B enzyme (coded for by nucleotides 74 to 1756 of SEQ ID NO:11; acmB), 3-ketosteroid 9α-hydroxylase (coded for by nucleotides 132 to 1316 and 1416 to 2483 of SEQ ID NO:17; KshAB), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (coded for by nucleotides 3554 to 4672 of SEQ ID NO:12; HSD2), and a fusion protein of P450-ferredoxin reductase-ferredoxin fusion (SEQ ID NO:5; P450-FdxR-Fdx); and
a control sequence, for regulating the transcription of one or more of the coding sequences in a eukaryotic cell.
2. The nucleic acid composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more proteins are selected from humanized forms of Δ1-KstD, KshAB, HSD2, and P450-FdxR-Fdx.
3. The nucleic acid composition of claim 2 , comprising coding sequences for humanized proteins Δ1-KstD, KshAB, HSD2, and P450-FdxR-Fdx, and wherein the control sequence is a eukaryotic transcription promoter sequence.
4. The nucleic acid composition of claim 3 , wherein the coding sequence comprises nucleotides 1007 to 9817 of the sequence SEQ ID NO: 27, and the eukaryotic transcription promoter sequence is a CMV promoter sequence.
5. A method of regulating a sterol concentration in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising the steps of:
modifying an immune cell of the subject by introducing the nucleic acid composition of claim 1 ;
allowing the immune cell to express one or more sequences from the nucleic acid, wherein the nucleic acid codes for one or more proteins involved in sterol metabolism;
administering the modified cell to the subject, and
allowing the modified cell to degrade the sterol.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the protein is selected from Δ1-KstD, KshAB, HSD2, and P450-FdxR-Fdx.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the sequences code for humanized proteins Δ1-KstD, KshAB, HSD2, and (P450-FdxR-Fdx) and wherein expression is controlled by a eukaryotic promoter sequence.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein humanized KshAB is targeted to a mitochondrion of the cell by including a mitochondrial targeting sequence in the KshAB coding sequence.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the nucleic acid comprises nucleotides 1007 to 9817 of sequence SEQ ID NO: 27, and the eukaryotic transcription promoter sequence is a CMV promoter sequence.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the immune cell is a monocyte or macrophage.
11. A method of altering a eukaryotic cell that cannot catabolize a sterol comprising:
introducing an expression vector comprising the nucleic acid composition of claim 1 into the cell; and
expressing one or more enzymes that catabolize the sterol from the vector.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the sterol is cholesterol and the one or more enzymes are selected from Δ1-KstD, acmB, KshAB, HSD2, and P450-FdxR-Fdx.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the enzymes are Δ1-KstD, KshAB, HSD2, and P450-FdxR-Fdx.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein humanized KshAB is targeted to a mitochondrion of the cell by including a mitochondrial targeting sequence in the KshAB coding sequence.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the eukaryotic cell is an immune cell.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the nucleic acid comprises at least one sequence selected from SEQ ID NOS: 10-27.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the nucleic acid comprises nucleotides 1007 to 9817 of sequence SEQ ID NO: 27, and the eukaryotic transcription promoter sequence is a CMV promoter sequence.