Disinfection method and apparatus
Photosensitizers are incorporated into articles, such a personal protective equipment. A method of applying continuous and consistent light includes fitting the articles with light sources and optical fibers to apply light to the areas of the articles incorporated with the photosensitizers. Photosensitizers can be applied to articles by various applicators in either a gel or solution. A gel can be particularly effective when used on hydrophobic surfaces. Photodynamic reactor systems can be used to determine the effective doses of photosensitizers and the light dosimetry which can then be applied for use with the articles.
1. An article that is worn on a person, comprising:
a material forming a part of the article that covers a body part, the material is configured to provide protection from microbes;
one or more photosensitizers are incorporated over an area of the material, wherein the one or more photosensitizers generate singlet oxygen by absorbing light of a particular waveband to provide protection from microbes in combination with the material;
one or more light source incorporated into the article, wherein the light source emits a waveband of light absorbed by the one or more photosensitizers;
a plurality of optical fibers that abut the light source, wherein the plurality of optical fibers are edge-emitting optical light fibers, and the plurality of optical fibers are distributed to emit light over the area of the material incorporated with the one or more photosensitizers; and
a reservoir incorporated into the material, wherein the reservoir contains a solution of the one or more photosensitizers, and the reservoir elutes the photosensitizer solution into the material over time and at a rate that permits renewal of an effective concentration of the one or more photosensitizers.
2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the article is a personal protective equipment article selected from a mask, a glove, and a gown.
3. The article of claim 1 , wherein the one or more light source includes a lens configured to direct the light onto the area of the material incorporated with the one or more photosensitizers.
4. The article of claim 1 , comprising a first and a second light source incorporated into the article, wherein the first light source and the second light source emit a waveband of light absorbed by the one or more photosensitizer, and the first light source and the second light source are positioned at different locations on the article to illuminate the areas of the material incorporated with the one or more photosensitizers.
5. The article of claim 1 , wherein at least one edge-emitting optical fiber is bound on a surface of the material incorporating the one or more photosensitizer and at least one edge-emitting optical fiber is within the material incorporating the one or more photosensitizer.
6. The article of claim 1 , wherein the material is an optically transparent polymer.
7. The article of claim 1 , wherein the one or more photosensitizers include one or more of methylene blue derivative, methylene blue, xanthene dyes and derivatives, chlorophyll derivatives, tetrapyrrole structures, porphyrins, chlorins, bacteriochlorins, phthalocyanines, texaphyrins, prodrugs, aminolevulinic acids, phenothiaziniums, squaraine, boron compounds, transition metal complexes, hypericin, riboflavin, curcumin, titanium dioxide, psoralens, tetracyclines, flavins, riboflavin, riboflavin derivatives, erythrosine, erythrosine derivatives, photosensitizer nanocompositions, or combinations thereof.