Processable, tunable thiol-ene crosslinked polyurethane shape memory polymers
An embodiment includes a platform shape memory polymer system. Such an embodiment exhibits a blend of tunable, high performance mechanical attributes in combination with advanced processing capabilities and good biocompatibility. A post-polymerization crosslinking synthetic approach is employed that combines polyurethane and thiol-ene synthetic processes. Other embodiments are described herein.
1. A polymer composition comprising:
a thermoplastic polymer comprising crosslinkable alkene groups spaced along a polymer chain;
a polythiol crosslinker; and
an initiator including at least one of a UV photoinitiator, a thermal initiator, or combinations thereof;
wherein (a) the thermoplastic polymer is configured so crosslinking the alkene groups with the polythiol crosslinker via a thiol-ene reaction forms a thermoset polymer having shape memory properties; (b) the alkene groups are derived from trimethylolpropane allyl ether (TMPAE), and (c) the initiator is configured to initiate the thiol-ene reaction to form the thermoset polymer.
2. The polymer composition of claim 1 wherein the thermoset polymer is a poly(thioether-co-urethane).
3. The polymer composition of claim 1 wherein the thermoset polymer is a poly(thioether-co-ester).
4. The polymer composition of claim 1 wherein the initiator includes the UV photoinitiator.
5. The polymer composition of claim 1 wherein the polythiol crosslinker includes at least one of ethylene glycol bis(3-mercaptopropionate) (EGBMP), dipentaerythritol hexakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (D PHMP), tris[2-(3-mercaptopropionyloxy)ethyl] isocyanurate (3TI), pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP), or combinations thereof.
6. The polymer composition of claim 5 wherein:
the thermoset polymer includes a poly(thioether-co-ester); and
the initiator includes the UV photoinitiator.
7. The polymer composition of claim 6 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer is derived from at least one of Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate (TMHDI), dicyclohexylmethane 4,4′-diisocyanate (DCHMDI), Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 2-butene-1,4-diol (2-but), diethylene glycol (DEG), diethanolamine (DEA), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), triethylamine (TEA), allyl alcohol (AA), 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol (3-MPD), diethylene glycol (DEG), 3 methylpentanediol (3-MPD), 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD), 2-methylpropanediol (2-MPD), 2,2′-dimethylpropanediol (2,2-DMPD), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), or combinations thereof.
8. A polymer composition comprising:
a thermoplastic polymer comprising crosslinkable alkene groups spaced along a polymer chain;
a polythiol crosslinker; and
an initiator including at least one of a UV photoinitiator, a thermal initiator, or combinations thereof;
wherein (a) the thermoplastic polymer is configured so crosslinking the alkene groups with the polythiol crosslinker via a thiol-ene reaction forms a thermoset polymer having shape memory properties; (b) the alkene groups are a reaction product of trimethylolpropane allyl ether (TMPAE), and (c) the initiator is configured to initiate the thiol-ene reaction to form the thermoset polymer.
9. The polymer composition of claim 8 wherein the thermoset polymer is a poly(thioether-co-urethane).
10. The polymer composition of claim 8 wherein the thermoset polymer is a poly(thioether-co-ester).
11. The polymer composition of claim 8 wherein the initiator includes the UV photoinitiator.
12. The polymer composition of claim 8 wherein the polythiol crosslinker includes at least one of ethylene glycol bis(3-mercaptopropionate) (EGBMP), dipentaerythritol hexakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (D PHMP), tris[2-(3-mercaptopropionyloxy)ethyl] isocyanurate (3TI), pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP), or combinations thereof.
13. The polymer composition of claim 12 wherein:
the thermoset polymer includes a poly(thioether-co-ester); and
the initiator includes the UV photoinitiator.
14. The polymer composition of claim 13 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer is a reaction product of at least one of Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate (TMHDI), dicyclohexylmethane 4,4′-diisocyanate (DCHMDI), Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 2-butene-1,4-diol (2-but), diethylene glycol (DEG), diethanolamine (DEA), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), triethylamine (TEA), allyl alcohol (AA), 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol (3-MPD), diethylene glycol (DEG), 3 methylpentanediol (3-MPD), 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD), 2-methylpropanediol (2-MPD), 2,2′-dimethylpropanediol (2,2-DMPD), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), or combinations thereof.
15. A polymer composition comprising:
a polyurethane thermoplastic polymer comprising crosslinkable alkene groups spaced along a polymer chain;
a polythiol crosslinker; and
an initiator including at least one of a UV photoinitiator, a thermal initiator, or combinations thereof;
wherein (a) the thermoplastic polymer is configured so crosslinking the alkene groups with the polythiol crosslinker via a thiol-ene reaction forms a thermoset polymer having shape memory properties; (b) the thermoplastic polymer includes a pendant allyl ether group, and (c) the initiator is configured to initiate the thiol-ene reaction to form the thermoset polymer.
16. The polymer composition of claim 15 wherein the thermoset polymer is a poly(thioether-co-urethane).
17. The polymer composition of claim 15 wherein the thermoset polymer is a poly(thioether-co-ester).
18. The polymer composition of claim 15 wherein the initiator includes the UV photoinitiator.
19. The polymer composition of claim 15 wherein the polythiol crosslinker includes at least one of ethylene glycol bis(3-mercaptopropionate) (EGBMP), dipentaerythritol hexakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (D PHMP), tris[2-(3-mercaptopropionyloxy)ethyl] isocyanurate (3TI), pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP), or combinations thereof.
20. The polymer composition of claim 19 , wherein the pendant allyl ether group is a reaction product of trimethylolpropane allyl ether (TMPAE).