Graphene nanoribbons grown from aromatic molecular seeds
Methods for the bottom-up growth of graphene nanoribbons are provided. The methods utilize small aromatic molecular seeds to initiate the anisotropic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of graphene nanoribbons having low size polydispersities on the surface of a growth substrate. The aromatic molecular seeds include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), functionalized derivatives of PAHs, heterocyclic aromatic molecules, and metal complexes of heterocyclic aromatic molecules.
1. A method of growing graphene nanoribbons, the method comprising:
depositing aromatic molecular seeds from the gas phase onto a surface of a growth substrate; and
growing graphene nanoribbons from the aromatic molecular seeds via chemical vapor deposition.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the growth substrate is a germanium substrate.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aromatic molecular seeds comprise polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), functionalized derivatives of PAHs, heterocyclic aromatic molecules, metal complexes of heterocyclic aromatic molecules, or a combination thereof.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the graphene nanoribbons have a width of 5 nm or smaller.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the graphene nanoribbons have aspect ratios of at least 10.
6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the aromatic molecular seeds comprise perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, pentacene, or a combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 3 , wherein the graphene nanoribbons are grown from the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons comprise pentacene.
9. The method of claim 3 , wherein the graphene nanoribbons are grown from the metal complexes of heterocyclic aromatic molecules.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the metal complexes of heterocyclic aromatic molecules comprise metal phthalocyanines.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the surface is a (001) facet or a miscut (001) facet.
12. The method of claim 2 , wherein the graphene nanoribbons have widths of 5 nm or smaller.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the graphene nanoribbons have aspect ratios of at least 10.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the growth substrate is a (001) facet or miscut (001) facet of the germanium substrate.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the aromatic molecular seeds comprise polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), functionalized derivatives of PAHs, heterocyclic aromatic molecules, metal complexes of heterocyclic aromatic molecules, or a combination thereof.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the aromatic molecular seeds comprise polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), metal complexes of heterocyclic aromatic molecules, or a combination thereof.