System and method for detecting winding faults in a generator
A detection system for detecting winding faults, such as inter-turn winding faults in the stator and/or rotor of an electrical generator utilizes one or more vibration sensors that can be located on a generator housing. The vibration sensors make mechanical vibration measurements and transmit them to a fault analyzer. The fault analyzer can compare the measured vibrations with a threshold to determine if a winding is occurring. In an embodiment, the fault analyzer can convert the mechanical vibration measurements from the time domain to a frequency domain to facilitate analysis.
1. A detection system for detecting winding inter-turn faults in a stator of a poly-phase synchronous electrical generator comprising:
a rotor rotatably disposed on a rotation axis;
a stator including a plurality of stator windings fixedly disposed around the rotor;
one or more vibration sensors disposed on a generator housing of the electrical generator that accommodates the stator and the rotor, the vibration sensors configured to measure mechanical vibration measurements in a time domain and to output an electrical signal indicative of the mechanical vibration measurements; and
a fault analyzer in communication with the vibration sensors to receive the electrical signal, the fault analyzer configured to convert the mechanical vibration measurements from the time domain to a frequency domain including a plurality of harmonics; to isolate a higher order harmonic from a fundamental harmonic and further higher order harmonics; compare the higher order harmonic with a threshold value; and generate and output a fault signal indicative of a stator winding inter-turn fault if the higher order harmonic exceeds the threshold value.
2. The detection system of claim 1 , wherein the fault analyzer includes logic to convert mechanical vibration measurements from the time domain to the frequency domain by fast Fourier transformation.
3. The detection system of claim 2 , wherein the fault analyzer includes a band pass filter to isolate the higher order harmonic.
4. The detection system of claim 3 , wherein the higher order harmonic is a second harmonic of the mechanical vibration measurements.
5. The detection system of claim 4 , wherein the one or more vibration sensors are accelerometers.
6. The detection system of claim 5 , wherein the higher order harmonic and the threshold value are compared based on acceleration at the second harmonic.
7. The detection system of claim 6 , wherein the threshold value is predetermined empirically.
8. A kit for detecting winding inter-turn faults in a poly-phase synchronous electrical generator comprising:
one or more vibrations sensors for mounting to a generator housing of the electrical generator accommodating a stator and a rotor, the vibration sensors configured to measure mechanical vibration measurements in a time domain and to output an electrical signal indicative of the mechanical vibration measurements;
a fault analyzer configured to receive the electrical signal; configured with logic to convert the mechanical vibration measurements from the time domain to a frequency spectrum including a plurality of harmonics in a frequency domain; configured to isolate a higher order harmonic from the fundamental harmonic and further higher order harmonics; configured to compare the higher order harmonic in the frequency domain with a threshold value; and configured to generate a fault signal output if the higher order harmonic exceeds the threshold value; and
a network transceiver configured to communicate the fault signal output to a backend system.
9. The kit of claim 8 , wherein the fault analyzer is configured to isolate a higher order harmonic from a fundamental harmonic and plurality of other higher order harmonics.
10. The kit of claim 9 , wherein the network transceiver is configured to communicate a comparison of the frequency spectrum with the threshold value to the backend system.
11. The kit of claim 8 , wherein the fault analyzer the fault analyzer includes a band pass filter to isolate the higher order harmonic.
12. The kit of claim 11 , wherein the higher order harmonic is a second harmonic of the mechanical vibration measurements.
13. The kit of claim 12 , wherein the one or more vibration sensors are accelerometers.
14. The kit of claim 13 , wherein the higher order harmonic and the threshold value are compared based on acceleration at the second harmonic.
15. The kit of claim 14 , wherein the threshold value is predetermined empirically.
16. A detection system for detecting winding inter-turn faults in a stator of a poly-phase synchronous electrical generator comprising:
a rotor rotatably disposed on a rotation axis;
a stator including a plurality of stator windings fixedly disposed around the rotor;
one or more accelerometers disposed on a generator housing of the electrical generator that accommodates the stator and the rotor, the accelerometers configured to measure mechanical vibration measurements in a time domain and to output an electrical signal indicative of the mechanical vibration measurements; and
a fault analyzer in communication with the vibration sensors to receive the electrical signal, the fault analyzer configured to convert the mechanical vibration measurements from the time domain to a frequency domain including a plurality of harmonics; to isolate a second harmonic from a fundamental harmonic and further higher order harmonics via a band pass filter; compare the second harmonic with a threshold value on the basis of acceleration; and generate and output a fault signal indicative of a stator winding inter-turn fault if the second harmonic exceeds the threshold value.
17. The detection system of claim 16 , wherein the threshold value is predetermined empirically.