Collision alert systems and methods for micromobility vehicles

1. A collision warning system for a micromobility vehicle comprising:

at least one proximity sensor mounted to the micromobility vehicle and configured to sense a distance to an object located in front of the micromobility vehicle, the at least one proximity sensor including a LiDAR sensor;

a speed sensor configured to sense a speed of the micromobility vehicle;

at least one warning device; and

a controller in communication with the at least one proximity sensor, the speed sensor, and the at least one warning device and having a bypass mode, a demonstration mode, and a warning mode, the controller being configured to (i) receive signal strengths of return signals received by the LiDAR sensor, (ii) determine whether the received signal strengths include a first predetermined signal strength corresponding to a first predetermined color of an object in front of the LiDAR sensor followed by a second predetermined signal strength corresponding to a second predetermined color of the object in front of the LiDAR sensor within a predetermined time period, (iii) enter the demonstration mode and set a speed threshold to zero in response determining that the received signal strengths include the first predetermined signal strength corresponding to the first predetermined color followed by the second predetermined signal strength corresponding to the second predetermined color within the predetermined time period, (iv) set the speed threshold to a predetermined speed value corresponding to a walking speed of a rider of the micromobility vehicle in response to determining that the received signal strengths do not include the first predetermined signal strength corresponding to the first predetermined color followed by the second predetermined signal strength corresponding to the second predetermined color within the predetermined time period (v) receive the speed of the micromobility vehicle from the speed sensor, (vi) compare the speed of the micromobility vehicle with the speed threshold, (vii) enter the bypass mode in response to the speed of the micromobility vehicle being less than the speed threshold, and (viii) enter the warning mode in response to the speed of the micromobility vehicle being greater than the speed threshold;

wherein, while in the bypass mode, the controller is further configured to not activate the at least one warning device;

wherein, while in the warning mode and the demonstration mode, the controller is further configured to (ix) receive the distance to the object from the at least one proximity sensor, (x) determine a closing velocity to the object based on the speed of the micromobility vehicle received from the speed sensor, (xi) calculate an estimated time until a potential collision with the object based on the distance to the object and the closing velocity, (xii) compare the estimated time until the potential collision with the object with a predetermined time threshold, and (xiii) generate a collision warning by activating the at least one warning device to alert a rider of the micromobility vehicle of the potential collision with the object in response to the estimated time until collision being less than the predetermined time threshold.

2. The collision warning system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one proximity sensor includes at least one of a radar sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, and a camera.

3. The collision warning system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one warning device includes an audio device that generates an audible warning and a lighting device that generates a visual warning.

4. The collision warning system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to activate the at least one warning device at a plurality of intensity levels based on the estimated time until collision with the object.

5. The collision warning system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one warning device is configured to alert a non-rider of the micromobility vehicle of the collision of the potential collision with the object.

6. The collision warning system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to enter the bypass mode in response to the distance to the object being less than a predetermined distance threshold.

7. The collision warning system of claim 6 , wherein the controller is further configured to set at least one of a blocked sensor flag and a defeated sensor flag based on the signal strengths of the return signals received by the LiDAR sensor.

8. The collision warning system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one proximity sensor includes an addition sensor, the additional sensor being one of an additional LiDAR sensor, a radar sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, and a camera, the LiDAR sensor and the additional sensor being configured to have different detection cones relative to the micromobility vehicle.

9. The collision warning system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to calculate the estimated time until the potential collision based on a reaction time factor in addition to the distance to the object and the closing velocity, the reaction time factor being based on a size of the micromobility vehicle.

10. The collision warning system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to, in response to the estimated time until collision being less than the predetermined time threshold, limit a maximum velocity of the micromobility vehicle.

11. The collision warning system of claim 10 , wherein the controller is further configured to limit the maximum velocity of the micromobility vehicle by replacing a desired throttle position input value with a maximum acceptable throttle position value that is calculated by the controller based on the estimated time until the potential collision, the maximum acceptable throttle position value corresponding to a maximum speed that is greater than a minimum speed necessary for the rider of the micromobility vehicle to maintain control of the micromobility vehicle.

12. The collision warning system of claim 1 , wherein the micromobility vehicle is a powered standing scooter.