Neurodegenerative disorders
The invention relates to neurodegenerative disorders, and in particular to novel oligonucleotides for treating such conditions, for example Alzheimer's disease. The invention provides novel antisense oligonucleotides, and compositions comprising such oligos, and therapies and methods for treating neurodegenerative disorders. The invention includes genome editing techniques for achieving similar results as using the novel antisense oligonucleotides.
1. An antisense oligonucleotide (AON) capable of reducing or preventing exon 7 and/or exon 8 inclusion into an amyloid precursor protein (APP) mRNA produced by splicing from an APP transcript, wherein the AON has a length of up to 42 nucleotides, wherein the AON comprises internucleosidic linkages which are chemically modified, or wherein the AON comprises a phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO),
and wherein the AON promotes exon skipping to increase the expression of the APP 695 mRNA isoform, and reduces the amount of the APP 751 and APP 770 isoforms.
2. An AON according to claim 1 , wherein a protein made by skipping exon 7 and 8 comprises the following features:
1) Exon 6 is joined with exon 9, maintaining the reading frame and resulting in a protein with 695 amino acids;
2) the Kunitz-type protease inhibitor domain (KPI), which is within exon 7, is removed; and/or
3) a domain sharing homology with the OX-2 antigen of thymus-derived lymphoid cells, which is within exon 8, is removed.
3. An AON according to claim 1 , wherein the AON is capable of binding to and/or is complementary to a target region within:
(i) the 3′ part of intron 6-7 and/or the 5′ part of exon 7 of the APP gene;
(ii) exon 7 of the APP gene;
(iii) the 3′ part of exon 7 and/or the 5′ part of intron 7-8 of the APP gene;
(iv) the 3′ part of intron 7-8 and/or the 5′ part of exon 8 of the APP gene;
(v) exon 8 of the APP gene; and/or
(vi) the 3′ part of exon 8 and/or the 5′ part of intron 8-9 of the APP gene.
4. An AON according to claim 3 , wherein the AON is complementary to at least 8 nucleotides in the target region, or from 8 to 50 nucleotides, or from 12 to 50 nucleotides, in the target region, or wherein the AON has a length of from 18 to 42 nucleotides, or from 22 to 42, or from 27 to 39 nucleotides.
5. An AON according to claim 1 , wherein when the AON is capable of reducing or preventing exon 7 inclusion into an APP mRNA produced by splicing from an APP transcript, the target region for the AON is between 150 nucleotides upstream of the intron 6/exon 7 junction (−150) and 150 nucleotides downstream of the exon 7/intron 7 junction (+150).
6. An AON according to claim 1 , wherein the AON target region spans 15 nucleotides upstream and 150 nucleotides downstream of exon 7 of the human APP gene (−15 to +50), and is represented as SEQ ID NO: 5.
7. An AON according to claim 1 , wherein the AON is complementary to a target region within, or adjacent to, exon 7, and comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10.
8. An AON according to claim 7 , wherein the AON comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID No: 7.
9. An AON according to claim 1 , wherein when the AON is capable of reducing or preventing exon 8 inclusion into an APP mRNA produced by splicing from an APP transcript, the target region for the AON is between 150 nucleotides upstream of the intron 7/exon 8 junction (−150) and 150 nucleotides downstream of the exon 8/intron 8 junction (+150).
10. An AON according to claim 1 , wherein the AON target region spans nucleotides 50 nucleotides upstream and 50 nucleotides downstream of exon 8 of the human APP gene (−50 to +50), and is represented as SEQ ID NO: 11.
11. An AON according to claim 1 , wherein the AON is complementary to a target region within, or adjacent to, exon 8, and comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 12, 13, 14 and 15.
12. An AON according to claim 1 , wherein the AON comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID No: 13.
13. A method of treating or ameliorating a neurodegenerative disorder in a subject, the method comprising, administering to a subject in need of such treatment, a therapeutically effective amount of an antisense oligonucleotide (AON) according to claim 1 .
14. A method according to claim 13 , wherein the neurodegenerative disorder is Alzheimer's disease.
15. A method according to claim 13 , wherein one or more AON for causing exon 7 skipping is used in combination with one or more AON for causing exon 8 skipping.
16. An antisense oligonucleotide (AON) according to claim 1 comprising a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of: SEQ ID NO: 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14 and 15.
17. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of the antisense oligonucleotide (AON) according to claim 1 , and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle.
18. The antisense AON of claim 1 wherein the chemically modified internucleosidic linkages are phosphorothioate linkages.
19. The method of claim 15 wherein any one of the AON is selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 and used in combination with any one of the AON selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 12, 13, 14 or 15.