Centrifugal molten electrolysis reactor for oxygen, volatiles, and metals extraction from extraterrestrial regolith
View Patent ↗A centrifugal molten regolith electrolysis (MRE) reactor that can volatilize and capture volatiles (i.e., 3 He or other noble gases) and electrochemically decompose, while under centrifugal action, lunar regolith into oxygen, metals, and semiconductor materials is disclosed. The high-temperature centrifugal MRE reactor comprises four principal components; namely: (1) a rotatable concentric electrolytic cell comprising an outer metallic shell cathode positioned about an inner central drum anode; (2) a motor sized and configured to rapidly spin (rotate) the concentric electrolytic cell reactor about its central longitudinal axis; (3) a stationary (relative to the spinning electrolytic cell) induction coil (connected to an external stationary AC current source) wrapped about, and adjacent to, the rotatable concentric electrolytic cell (for, when selectively energized, melting regolith contained within the concentric electrolytic cell); and (4) a stationary voltage source (for supplying an applied voltage to the concentric electrolytic cell). The centrifugal MRE reactor electrowins metals and oxygen.
1. A centrifugal molten regolith electrolysis reactor and extraction system, comprising:
a rotatable concentric electrolytic cell comprising an outer metallic cylindrical cathode positioned about an inner metallic cylindrical anode, wherein the inner anode has a plurality of anode through-holes sized and configured to allow the passage of oxygen gas, wherein the concentric electrolytic cell has a central longitudinal axis;
a motor connected to the concentric electrolytic cell, wherein the motor is sized and configured for rapidly spinning the concentric electrolytic cell about its central longitudinal axis;
an induction or heating coil wrapped about, and adjacent to, the concentric electrolytic cell for heating the outer metallic shell cathode to a temperature above about 1,450° C.;
a voltage source for supplying an applied potential to the concentric electrolytic cell, and wherein the voltage source is electrically connected to the outer shell cathode and the inner drum anode by means of a multi-passageway rotary union that is longitudinally aligned with the central longitudinal axis;
an electrical energy source for supplying electrical energy to the induction or heating coil; and
a central cylindrical tube positioned along the central longitudinal axis, wherein the central tube has a plurality of through-holes sized and configured to allow the passage of oxygen gas.
2. The centrifugal molten regolith electrolysis reactor and extraction system of claim 1 , further comprising a silo for storing and feeding regolith into the concentric electrolytic cell, wherein the silo is positioned above, and connected to, the concentric electrolytic cell.
3. The centrifugal molten regolith electrolysis reactor and extraction system of claim 2 , wherein the cathode and the anode are cylindrical and made of one or more refractory metals.
4. The centrifugal molten regolith electrolysis reactor and extraction system of claim 3 , wherein the one or more refractory metals is one or more of iridium and a tungsten rhenium alloy.