Overcoming OTDR dead zones using a few-mode fiber
Systems and methods include a method for overcoming optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) dead zone limitations by using a few-mode fiber (FMF). Optical pulses are transmitted by a transmitter of an OTDR system through a mode MUX/DEMUX into an FMF. Light signals directed by the FMF in a backward direction through the mode MUX/DEMUX are received by the OTDR system through N single-mode fiber (SMF) ports corresponding to N modes in the FMF. Light signals from N−1 dead-zone-free SMF ports are collected by the OTDR system. Losses are measured and faults are located in the FMF based at least on the light signals.
1. A method, comprising:
inputting, by a plurality of ports of an optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) system and through a respective plurality of single-mode fibers (SMFs) included in the respective plurality of ports, optical pulses through a mode MUX/DEMUX of the OTDR system and into a few-mode fiber (FMF), each port corresponding to a respective mode of N modes in the FMF, each SMF of the plurality of SMFs configured to propagate a respective mode of a plurality of modes, wherein a MUX component of the MUX/DEMUX delivers the optical pulses in a form of Mode 1 to the FIMF;
receiving, by the mode MUX/DEMUX of the OTDR system, light signals directed by the FMF in a backward direction through the mode MUX/DEMUX, the light signals comprising a first signal type produced by a Fresnel reflection and including dead-zones, and a second signal type produced by Rayleigh, Raman and Brillouin scattering and being dead-zone-free;
separating, by a DEMUX component of the OTDR system, the received light signals into signals of the first signal type including the dead-zones and signals of the second signal type being dead-zone-free;
directing, by the OTDR system, the signals of the first signal type including the dead-zones to the first port of the N SMF ports through the SMF included in the first port, and the dead-zone-free signals of the second signal type to the remaining N−1 dead-zone-free SMF ports through respective SMFs included in the respective dead-zone-free SMF ports;
receiving, by a respective receiver included in each of the N ports, a respective light signal of a respective type, wherein the receiver that receives the signals of the first type is different from the receiver that receives the signals of the second type; and
measuring losses and locating faults in the FIMF, by the OTDR system, based at least on the received light signals.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein transmitting the optical pulses through a mode MUX/DEMUX includes routing the optical pulses through a circulator.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein N is less than 20.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein separating the received light signals into signals of the first signal type including the dead-zones and signals of the second signal type being dead-zone-free comprises separating the Fresnel reflection into a first mode of the N modes and the Rayleigh, Raman, and Brillouin scattering into all N modes.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein modes 2 to N are dead-zone-free modes, and wherein measuring the losses and locating faults are based at least on the light signals from the dead-zone-free modes.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein measuring the losses and locating the faults are based on attenuation along optical fibers of the FMF corresponding to light scattering and absorption, connectors, splicing points, broken fiber, fiber bending, and fiber strain.
7. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing one or more instructions executable by a computer system to perform operations comprising:
inputting, by a plurality of ports of an optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) system and through a respective plurality of single-mode fibers (SMFs) included in the respective plurality of ports, optical pulses through a mode MUX/DEMUX of the OTDR system and into a few-mode fiber (FMF), each port corresponding to a respective mode of N modes in the FMF, each SMF of the plurality of SMFs configured to propagate a respective mode of a plurality of modes, wherein a MUX component of the MUX/DEMUX delivers the optical pulses in a form of Mode 1 to the FIMF;
receiving, by the mode MUX/DEMUX of the OTDR system, light signals directed by the FMF in a backward direction through the mode MUX/DEMUX, the light signals comprising a first signal type produced by a Fresnel reflection and including dead-zones, and a second signal type produced by Rayleigh, Raman and Brillouin scattering and being dead-zone-free;
separating, by a DEMUX component of the OTDR system, the received light signals into signals of the first signal type including the dead-zones and signals of the second signal type being dead-zone-free;
directing, by the OTDR system, the signals of the first signal type including the dead-zones to the first port of the N SMF ports through the SMF included in the first port, and the dead-zone-free signals of the second signal type to the remaining N−1 dead-zone-free SMF ports through respective SMFs included in the respective dead-zone-free SMF ports;
receiving, by a respective receiver included in each of the N ports, a respective light signal of a respective type, wherein the receiver that receives the signals of the first type is different from the receiver that receives the signals of the second type; and
measuring losses and locating faults in the FMF, by the OTDR system, based at least on the received light signals.
8. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 7 , wherein transmitting the optical pulses through a mode MUX/DEMUX includes routing the optical pulses through a circulator.
9. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 7 , wherein N is less than 20.
10. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 7 , wherein separating the received light signals into signals of the first signal type including the dead-zones and signals of the second signal type being dead-zone-free comprises separating the Fresnel reflection into a first mode of the N modes and the Rayleigh, Raman, and Brillouin scattering into all N modes.
11. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 10 , wherein modes 2 to N are dead-zone-free modes, and wherein measuring the losses and locating faults are based at least on the light signals from the dead-zone-free modes.
12. The non-transitory, computer-readable medium of claim 7 , wherein measuring the losses and locating the faults are based on attenuation along optical fibers of the FMF corresponding to light scattering and absorption, connectors, splicing points, broken fiber, fiber bending, and fiber strain.
13. A computer-implemented system, comprising:
one or more processors; and
a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium coupled to the one or more processors and storing programming instructions for execution by the one or more processors, the programming instructions instructing the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
inputting, by a plurality of ports of an optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) system and through a respective plurality of single-mode fibers (SMFs) included in the respective plurality of ports, optical pulses through a mode MUX/DEMUX of the OTDR system and into a few-mode fiber (FMF), each port corresponding to a respective mode of N modes in the FMF, each SMF of the plurality of SMFs configured to propagate a respective mode of a plurality of modes, wherein a MUX component of the MUX/DEMUX delivers the optical pulses in a form of Mode 1 to the FIMF;
receiving, by the mode MUX/DEMUX of the OTDR system, light signals directed by the FMF in a backward direction through the mode MUX/DEMUX, the light signals comprising a first signal type produced by a Fresnel reflection and including dead-zones, and a second signal type produced by Rayleigh, Raman and Brillouin scattering and being dead-zone-free;
separating, by a DEMUX component of the OTDR system, the received light signals into signals of the first signal type including the dead-zones and signals of the second signal type being dead-zone-free;
directing, by the OTDR system, the signals of the first signal type including the dead-zones to the first port of the N SMF ports through the SMF included in the first port, and the dead-zone-free signals of the second signal type to the remaining N−1 dead-zone-free SMF ports through respective SMFs included in the respective dead-zone-free SMF ports;
receiving, by a respective receiver included in each of the N ports, a respective light signal of a respective type, wherein the receiver that receives the signals of the first type is different from the receiver that receives the signals of the second type; and
measuring losses and locating faults in the FMF, by the OTDR system, based at least on the received light signals.
14. The computer-implemented system of claim 13 , wherein transmitting the optical pulses through a mode MUX/DEMUX includes routing the optical pulses through a circulator.
15. The computer-implemented system of claim 13 , wherein N is less than 20.
16. The computer-implemented system of claim 13 , wherein separating the received light signals into signals of the first signal type including the dead-zones and signals of the second signal type being dead-zone-free comprises separating the Fresnel reflection into a first mode of the N modes and the Rayleigh, Raman, and Brillouin scattering into all N modes.
17. The computer-implemented system of claim 16 , wherein modes 2 to N are dead-zone-free modes, and wherein measuring the losses and locating faults are based at least on the light signals from the dead-zone-free modes.