Opto-electronic modulator utilizing one or more heating elements
Described herein are methods, systems, and apparatuses to utilize an electro-optic modulator including one or more heating elements. The modulator can utilize one or more heating elements to control an absorption or phase shift of the modulated optical signal. At least the active region of the modulator and the one or more heating elements of the modulator are included in a thermal isolation region comprising a low thermal conductivity to thermally isolate the active region and the one or more heating elements from a substrate of the PIC.
1. A modulator circuit comprising:
a waveguide to guide light;
an active region, the waveguide extending along the active region;
one or more heaters to apply a level of heat to the active region;
one or more electrodes to generate an electric field in the active region, the electric field comprising a time-varying voltage that is superimposed on a bias voltage; and
control circuitry to change, in response to an ambient temperature change, the level of heat applied to the active region to offset changing the electric field to compensate for the ambient temperature change.
2. The modulator circuit of claim 1 , wherein the control circuitry reduces the level of heat applied to the active region.
3. The modulator circuit of claim 2 , wherein an initial level of heat is applied to the active region before the ambient temperature change, and wherein the level of heat is reduced from the initial level of heat.
4. The modulator circuit of claim 1 , wherein the control circuitry increases the level of heat applied to the active region.
5. The modulator circuit of claim 1 , wherein the bias voltage adjusts an absorption of the light by a modulator in the modulator circuit.
6. The modulator circuit of claim 1 , wherein the electric field comprises a time varying electric field.
7. The modulator circuit of claim 1 , wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
in response to a further ambient temperature change, lower the electric field.
8. The modulator circuit of claim 1 , wherein the electric field is lowered while the level of heat from the one or more heaters is maintained.
9. The modulator circuit of claim 1 , wherein adding heat to the active region causes a variation in a refractive index of the active region.
10. The modulator circuit of claim 9 , wherein adding heat to the active region causes the variation in the refractive index of the active region and a corresponding variation in an optical path traversed by the light in the waveguide.
11. The modulator circuit of claim 1 , wherein the one or more electrodes comprises a plurality of electrodes that are positioned proximate to the active region.
12. The modulator circuit of claim 11 , wherein the electric field causes a variation in a refractive index of the active region.
13. The modulator circuit of claim 12 , wherein the variation in the refractive index causes a corresponding further variation in an optical path traverses by light in the waveguide.
14. The modulator circuit of claim 1 , further comprising:
an additional active region, wherein the one or more heaters further apply the level of heat to the additional active region.
15. The modulator circuit of claim 1 , wherein the one or more heaters comprises a plurality of heating elements that apply heat to the active region.
16. A method for modulator circuit heating comprising:
guiding light in a waveguide of the modulator circuit;
applying a level of heat to an active region, the waveguide extending along the active region;
generating, using one or more electrodes, an electric field in the active region, the electric field comprising a time-varying voltage that is superimposed on a bias voltage; and
in response to an ambient temperature change, changing, by control circuitry, the level of heat applied to the active region to offset changing the electric field to compensate for the ambient temperature change.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the level of heat applied to the active region is reduced in response to the ambient temperature change.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein an initial level of heat is applied to the active region before the ambient temperature change, and wherein the level of heat is reduced from the initial level of heat.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein adding heat to the active region causes a variation in a refractive index of the active region.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein adding heat to the active region causes the variation in the refractive index of the active region and a corresponding variation in an optical path traversed by the light in the waveguide.