Measurement of susceptibility to diabetic foot ulcers
The present disclosure provides apparatuses and methods for measuring capacitance as an indication of susceptibility to the formation of a diabetic foot ulcer.
1. An integrated apparatus for treating a diabetic foot ulcer in a patient in need thereof, said apparatus comprising:
a plurality of sensors disposed on a flexible substrate, wherein the plurality of sensors are configured to measure sub-epidermal moisture (SEM) values at respective locations of the patient's skin;
two electrodes disposed on the flexible substrate; and
an external controller electrically connected to the two electrodes,
wherein the external controller controls the two electrodes to detect conductive contact with the patient's skin during a SEM measurement period, and the external controller controls the two electrodes to apply a therapeutic stimulus to the patient during a therapeutic phase.
2. The integrated apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an absorbent pad.
3. The integrated apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a layer of adhesive.
4. The integrated apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the flexible substrate is permeable to gas while impervious to fluid.
5. The integrated apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a toroidal pad to relieve pressure on said diabetic foot ulcer in said patient.
6. The integrated apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said external controller is periodically attached to said two electrodes during said therapeutic phase to apply said therapeutic stimulus.
7. The integrated apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said external controller is periodically attached to one or more of said plurality of sensors during said SEM measurement period to measure said SEM values.
8. The integrated apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a battery and wireless communication capability that enables said external controller to apply said therapeutic stimulus to said patient without a wired connection to said apparatus.
9. The integrated apparatus of claim 8 , wherein said external controller is further enabled to communicate with said plurality of sensors and to receive said measured SEM values wirelessly.
10. The integrated apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an integrated microcontroller configured to apply said therapeutic stimulus and to measure said SEM values.
11. An integrated apparatus for treating a diabetic foot ulcer in a patient in need thereof, said apparatus comprising:
a sensor comprising two electrodes disposed on a flexible substrate such that a current passing between the electrodes will pass through tissue proximate to a location of the patient's skin;
an external controller electrically connected to the two electrodes; and
wherein the external controller controls the two electrodes to detect conductive contact with the patient's skin during a SEM measurement period, and the external controller controls the two electrodes to apply a therapeutic stimulus to the patient during a therapeutic phase.
12. The integrated apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said therapeutic stimulus is a low level voltage.
13. The integrated apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said therapeutic stimulus is a low level current.
14. The integrated apparatus of claim 1 , wherein said therapeutic phase comprises one or more stimulus time periods separated by one or more time intervals, each of said one or more stimulus time periods having a time duration during which said therapeutic stimulus is applied, and each of said one or more time intervals having a time duration during which said therapeutic stimulus is not applied.
15. The integrated apparatus of claim 14 , wherein each of said one or more time intervals is in the range of hours.
16. The integrated apparatus of claim 14 , wherein each of said one or more time intervals is in the range of weeks.
17. The integrated apparatus of claim 14 , wherein each of said one or more time intervals in the range of hours or weeks.
18. The integrated apparatus of claim 14 , wherein said SEM measurement period is during said one or more time intervals.