Methods for hybrid corn seed production
Methods for improving the efficiency and productivity of hybrid corn seed production are provided herein. Various methods to improve the transfer of pollen from male corn plants to female corn plants, and thus increase yield, are provided herein. Without being limiting, these methods include varying the height of male and female corn plants in a field, as well as varying the number, arrangement, and ratio of male-to-female rows in a field.
1. A method of hybrid corn seed production, said method comprising:
(a) fertilizing a plurality of female inbred corn plants with pollen from at least one male inbred corn plant to produce hybrid corn seeds, wherein the female inbred corn plants have an average height that is at least 2.5% lower than the average height of the at least one male inbred corn plant, and wherein the female inbred corn plants comprise a recombinant polynucleotide encoding an RNA molecule that suppresses expression of an endogenous GA3 oxidase gene; and
(b) harvesting said hybrid corn seeds from one or more of the female inbred corn plants.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the yield or seed yield of hybrid corn seeds produced in step (b) is greater than the yield or seed yield of control hybrid corn seeds obtained from fertilizing a plurality of control female inbred corn plants with pollen from at least one control male inbred corn plant and harvesting said control hybrid corn seeds from one or more of said control female inbred corn plants, wherein said control hybrid corn seeds are harvested from the same number of female inbred corn plants as in step (b), and wherein the average height of said plurality of control female inbred corn plants is the same or similar to the average height of said at least one control male inbred corn plants.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said female inbred corn plants have an average height that is at least 5% shorter than said at least one male inbred corn plant.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said female inbred corn plants have an average height that is between 2.5% and 50% shorter than said at least one male inbred corn plant.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said female inbred corn plants are dwarf corn plants or semi-dwarf corn plants.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said female inbred corn plants comprise at least one ear that is at least 18 inches above ground level.
7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the yield or seed yield of hybrid corn seeds produced in step (b) is increased by at least 3.0% relative to the yield or seed yield of the control hybrid corn seeds.
8. The method of claim 2 , wherein said female inbred corn plants and said at least one male inbred corn plant are grown in a corn field.
9. The method of claim 2 , wherein the heights of said female inbred corn plants and said at least one male inbred corn plant are measured at R1 stage.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the field comprises multiple rows of female inbred corn plants and at least one row of male inbred corn plants.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the ratio of female inbred corn plant rows to the at least one male inbred corn plant row is selected from the group consisting of 2:2, 3:2, 4:1, 4:2, 4:3, 6:1, and 6:2.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the corn field comprises between 1 female row and 10 female rows for every male row.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the corn field comprises between 1 female inbred corn plant and 100 female inbred corn plants for every male inbred corn plant.
14. The method of claim 8 , wherein the corn field comprises at least two male inbred corn plants and at least two female inbred corn plants, wherein said female inbred corn plants comprise an average height that is at least 2.5% shorter than the average height of said male inbred corn plants, and wherein said male inbred corn plants exhibit at least 10% less tassel skeletonization as compared to a control corn field comprising at least two control male inbred corn plants and at least two control female inbred corn plants, wherein said male and female control plants have the same or similar plant heights, and wherein said tassel skeletonization is measured by the percentage of anthers that undergo dehiscence.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein said male inbred corn plants exhibit at least 5% less tassel skeletonization.
16. A method of hybrid corn seed production, said method comprising:
(a) crossing at least one male inbred corn plant with a plurality of female inbred corn plants to produce hybrid corn seeds, wherein the plurality of female inbred corn plants have an average height that is at least 2.5% lower than the height or average height of the at least one male inbred corn plant, and wherein said female inbred corn plants comprise a recombinant polynucleotide encoding an RNA molecule that suppresses expression of an endogenous GA3 oxidase gene; and
(b) harvesting said hybrid corn seeds from one or more of the female inbred corn plants.
17. A method of hybrid corn seed production, said method comprising:
(a) planting at least one male inbred corn plant in proximity to a plurality of female inbred corn plants to produce hybrid corn seeds, wherein the female inbred corn plants have an average height that is at least 2.5% lower than the height or average height of the at least one male inbred corn plant, and wherein said female inbred corn plants comprise a recombinant polynucleotide encoding an RNA molecule that suppresses expression of an endogenous GA3 oxidase gene; and
(b) harvesting said hybrid corn seeds from one or more of the female inbred corn plants.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein said RNA molecule comprises a sequence that is at least 90% complementary to at least 19 consecutive nucleotides of said endogenous GA3 oxidase gene, wherein said endogenous GA3 oxidase gene encodes an amino acid sequence at least 90% identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 30 and 33.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein said endogenous GA3 oxidase gene encodes an amino acid sequence at least 95% identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 30 and 33.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein said recombinant polynucleotide is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the plant-expressible promoter is a vascular promoter.
22. The method of claim 20 , wherein said plant-expressible promoter is a leaf promoter.
23. The method of claim 20 , wherein said plant-expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter.
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the female inbred corn plants have an average height that is at least 10% lower than the average height of the at least one male inbred corn plant.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the female inbred corn plants have an average height that is at least 15% lower than the average height of the at least one male inbred corn plant.
26. The method of claim 1 , wherein the female inbred corn plants have an average height that is at least 20% lower than the average height of the at least one male inbred corn plant.
27. The method of claim 1 , wherein the female inbred corn plants have an average height that is at least 30% lower than the average height of the at least one male inbred corn plant.
28. The method of claim 2 , wherein the yield or seed yield of hybrid corn seeds produced in step (b) is increased by at least 5.0%, relative to the yield or seed yield of the control hybrid corn seeds.
29. The method of claim 2 , wherein the yield or seed yield of hybrid corn seeds produced in step (b) is increased by at least 7.5%, relative to the yield or seed yield of the control hybrid corn seeds.
30. The method of claim 2 , wherein the yield or seed yield of hybrid corn seeds produced in step (b) is increased by at least 10%, relative to the yield or seed yield of the control hybrid corn seeds.
31. The method of claim 2 , wherein the yield or seed yield of hybrid corn seeds produced in step (b) is increased by at least 20%, relative to the yield or seed yield of the control hybrid corn seeds.
32. The method of claim 2 , wherein the yield or seed yield of hybrid corn seeds produced in step (b) is increased by at least 30%, relative to the yield or seed yield of the control hybrid corn seeds.
33. The method of claim 8 , wherein the corn field comprises at least 100 corn plants.
34. The method of claim 8 , wherein the corn field comprises at least 1,000 corn plants.
35. The method of claim 8 , wherein the corn field comprises at least 10,000 corn plants.
36. The method of claim 1 , wherein the corn field comprises at least 100,000 corn plants.
37. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (a) comprises fertilizing the plurality of female inbred corn plants with a plurality of male inbred corn plants.