Apparatus and method for estimating bio-information

1. An apparatus for estimating bio-information, the apparatus comprising:

a pulse wave sensor configured to measure a pulse wave signal from an object during a measurement period;

a contact pressure sensor configured to measure contact pressure of the object during the measurement period; and

a processor configured to:

extract a peak-to-peak amplitude of the pulse wave signal of each measurement time during the measurement period by subtracting an amplitude value of a negative (−) point from an amplitude value of a positive (+) point of a waveform envelope of the pulse wave signal corresponding to the each measurement time;

obtain an oscillometric envelop by plotting the extracted peak-to-peak amplitude of the pulse wave signal with respect to the contact pressure at the each measurement time;

determine a first contact pressure value and a second contact pressure value on the oscillometric envelope, each of the first contact pressure value and the second contact pressure value corresponding to a predetermined percentage of a maximum amplitude value of the oscillometric envelope;

obtain a third contact pressure value corresponding to a center of mass of a region between the first contact pressure value and the second contact pressure value on the oscillometric envelope based on a weighted mean of the region;

estimate the bio-information based on the third contact pressure value, and

output a notification in real-time based on the estimated bio-information.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 ,

wherein the pulse wave sensor comprises:

a light source configured to emit light onto the object, and

a detector configured to detect the light reflected from the object; and

wherein the contact pressure sensor comprises:

a force sensor configured to measure a contact force of the object, and

an area sensor configured to measure a contact area of the object.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to:

obtain a first feature based on the maximum amplitude value, a second feature based on the first contact pressure value and the second contact pressure value, and a third feature based on the third contact pressure value corresponding to the center of mass, and

estimate the bio-information by combining the first feature, the second feature, and the third feature.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the processor is further configured to assign a weight to each of the first feature, the second feature, and the third feature, and combines the first feature, the second feature, and the third feature based on the weight assigned to each of the first feature, the second feature, and the third feature.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the weight assigned to each of the first feature, the second feature, and the third feature is a preset fixed value or a value adjusted based on any one or any combination of characteristics and types of the bio-information.

6. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the processor is further configured to:

extract a direct current (DC) component of the pulse wave signal, and

obtain a fourth feature based on a graph of the extracted DC component and the contact pressure.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the processor is further configured to:

perform curve fitting for the graph by using a fitting model, and

obtain a coefficient of the fitting model as the fourth feature, the coefficient being determined as a result of the curve fitting.

8. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the processor is further configured to obtain any one or any combination of a maximum slope value, a contact pressure value at a maximum slope point, and a maximum amplitude value from the graph as the fourth feature.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an output interface configured to output guide information on the contact pressure of the object based on a request for estimating the bio-information.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the object is a body part of a user, and

wherein the guide information comprises information for inducing the user to gradually increase the contact pressure or based on a determination that the contact pressure is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold value, information for inducing the user to gradually decrease the contact pressure.

11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the object is a body part of a user, and

wherein the processor is further configured to:

determine a contact state between the object and the contact pressure sensor based on the contact pressure, and

based on determining that the contact state of the object is abnormal, guide the user to change the contact pressure.

12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the bio-information is blood pressure information.

13. A method of estimating bio-information, the method comprising:

obtaining, by a pulse wave sensor, a pulse wave signal from an object during a measurement period;

obtaining, by a contact pressure sensor, contact pressure of the object during the measurement period;

extracting a peak-to-peak amplitude of the pulse wave signal of each measurement time during the measurement period, by subtracting an amplitude value of a negative (−) point from an amplitude value of a positive (+) point of a waveform envelope of the pulse wave signal corresponding to the each measurement time;

obtaining an oscillometric envelope by plotting the extracted peak-to-peak amplitude of the pulse wave signal with respect to the contact pressure at the each measurement time;

determining a first contact pressure value and a second contact pressure value on the oscillometric envelope, each of the first contact pressure value and the second contact pressure value corresponding to a predetermined percentage of a maximum amplitude value of the oscillometric envelope;

obtaining a third contact pressure value corresponding to a center of mass of a region between the first contact pressure value and the second contact pressure value on the oscillometric envelope based on a weighted mean of the region;

estimating bio-information based on the third contact pressure value; and

outputting a notification in real-time based on the estimated bio-information.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the estimating of the bio-information comprises obtaining a first feature based on the maximum amplitude value, a second feature based on the first contact pressure value and the second contact pressure value, and a third feature based on the third contact pressure value corresponding to the center of mass, and estimating the bio-information by combining the obtained first feature, the second feature, and the third feature.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the estimating of the bio-information comprises assigning a weight to each of the first feature, the second feature, and the third feature, and combining the first feature, the second feature, and the third feature.

16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the estimating of the bio-information further comprises extracting a direct current DC component of the pulse wave signal, and obtaining a fourth feature based on a graph of the extracted DC component and the contact pressure.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the obtaining of the fourth feature comprises performing curve fitting for the graph by using a fitting model, and obtaining a coefficient of the fitting model, which is determined as a result of the curve fitting, as the fourth feature.

18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the obtaining of the fourth feature comprises obtaining at least one of a maximum slope value, a contact pressure value at a maximum slope point, and a maximum amplitude value from the graph as the fourth feature.

19. The method of claim 13 , further comprising outputting guide information on the contact pressure of the object based on a request for estimating the bio-information.

20. The method of claim 13 , further comprising:

determining a contact state between the object and the contact pressure sensor based on the contact pressure; and

based on determining that the contact state of the object is abnormal, guiding a user to change the contact pressure,

wherein the object is a body part of the user.