Creatine and/or creatinine compositions and related methods
The disclosure is directed to methods related to creatinine, for example, a method for its safe administration to a human, a method for using creatinine to improve the bioavailability of creatine, and a metn.
1. A method of improving the oral bioavailability of creatine, the method comprising co-administering to a human subject an effective amount of creatine, creatinine, and nitrate (NO 3 − ), wherein the effective amount of creatine is at least about 500 mg, the effective amount of creatinine is at least about 500 mg, and the effective amount of nitrate (NO 3 − ) is at least about 50 mg nitrate (NO 3 − ).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the effective amount of nitrate (NO 3 − ) is between about 50 mg and about 1200 mg nitrate (NO 3 − ).
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the effective amount of nitrate (NO 3 − ) is between about 50 mg and about 1500 mg nitrate (NO 3 − ).
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the effective amount of nitrate (NO 3 − ) is between about 60 mg and about 1500 mg nitrate (NO 3 − ).
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the effective amount of nitrate (NO 3 − ) is between about 60 mg and about 1200 mg nitrate (NO 3 − ).
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the effective amount of creatine is at least about 1000 mg, the effective amount of creatinine is at least about 1000 mg, and the effective amount of nitrate (NO 3 − ) is at least about 100 mg.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the effective amount of creatine is at least about 2 g, the effective amount of creatinine is at least about 2 g, and the effective amount of nitrate (NO 3 − ) is at least about 500 mg.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the effective amount of creatine is at least about 5 g, the effective amount of creatinine is at least about 3 g, and the effective amount of nitrate (NO 3 − ) is at least about 1000 mg.
9. A method of improving the oral bioavailability of creatine, the method comprising co-administering to a human subject an effective amount of creatine, creatinine, and nitrate (NO 3 − ), wherein the molar ratio of the amount of nitrate (NO 3 − ) to the amount of creatinine is between about 20:1 and about 1:9.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the molar ratio of the amount of nitrate (NO 3 − ) to the amount of creatinine is between about 10:1 and about 1:1.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the molar ratio of the amount of nitrate (NO 3 − ) to the amount of creatinine is between about 3:1 and about 1:3.
12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the molar ratio of the amount of nitrate (NO 3 − ) to the amount of creatinine is between about 2:1 and about 1:4.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the molar ratio of the amount of creatine to the amount of nitrate (NO 3 − ) is between about 20:1 and about 1:9.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the molar ratio of the amount of creatine to the amount of nitrate (NO 3 − ) is between about 10:1 and about 1:1.
15. The method of claim 9 , wherein the molar ratio of the amount of creatine to the amount of nitrate (NO 3 − ) is between about 3:1 and about 1:3.
16. The method of claim 9 , wherein the molar ratio of the amount of creatine to the amount of nitrate (NO 3 − ) is between about 2:1 and about 1:4.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oral bioavailability of the effective amount of creatine administered is greater than the oral bioavailability of creatine when administered alone.
18. A method of improving the oral bioavailability of creatine, the method comprising administering to a human subject a composition comprising an effective amount of creatine and creatinine, wherein the molar ratio of the effective amount of creatine and creatinine is 1:1 to 1:1.7 and the pH of the composition is 4.2 to 4.4.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the method further comprises administering an effective amount of nitrate (NO 3 − ), wherein the effective amount of nitrate (NO 3 − ) and the effective amount of creatine are administered as creatine nitrate.