Carbonaceous material for negative electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery negative electrode, non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and production method of carbonaceous material
The present invention provides a carbonaceous material suitable for a negative electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries (e.g., lithium ion secondary batteries, sodium ion secondary batteries, lithium sulfur batteries, lithium air batteries) having high charge/discharge capacities, and preferably high charge/discharge efficiency and low resistance, a negative electrode comprising the carbonaceous material, a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising the negative electrode, and a production method of the carbonaceous material. The present invention relates to a carbonaceous material having a nitrogen content obtained by elemental analysis of 3.5 mass % or more, a ratio of nitrogen content and hydrogen content (R N/H ) of 6 or more and 100 or less, a ratio of oxygen content and nitrogen content (R O/N ) of 0.1 or more and 1.0 or less, and a carbon interplanar spacing (d 002 ) observed by X-ray diffraction measurement of 3.70 Å or more.
1. A carbonaceous material having a nitrogen content of 3.5 mass % or more as measured by elemental analysis, a ratio of the nitrogen content and a hydrogen content (R N/H ) of 6 or more and 100 or less, a ratio of an oxygen content and the nitrogen content (R O/N ) of 0.1 or more and 1.0 or less, and a carbon interplanar spacing (d 002 ) observed by X-ray diffraction measurement of 3.70 Å or more,
wherein the carbonaceous material is derived from a saccharide.
2. The carbonaceous material according to claim 1 ,
wherein the carbonaceous material has the ratio of the oxygen content and the nitrogen content (R O/N ) of 0.1 or more and 0.51 or less.
3. The carbonaceous material according to claim 1 , wherein a value of half-value width of a peak near 1360 cm −1 and a value of half-value width of a peak near 1650 cm −1 of a Raman spectrum observed by laser Raman spectroscopy exceed 250 cm −1 and 100 cm −1 , respectively.
4. The carbonaceous material according to claim 1 , wherein a specific surface area measured by a BET method is 100 m 2 /g or more, and wherein a pore volume represented by a sum of a micropore volume and a mesopore volume is 0.08 mL/g or more.
5. The carbonaceous material according to claim 1 , wherein a specific surface area measured by a BET method is 70 m 2 /g or less, and wherein a pore volume represented by a sum of a micropore volume and a mesopore volume is 0.05 mL/g or less.
6. The carbonaceous material according to claim 1 , wherein the oxygen content exceeds 1.5 mass %.
7. A negative electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, wherein the negative electrode active material comprises the carbonaceous material according to claim 1 .
8. A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery negative electrode comprising the negative electrode active material according to claim 7 .
9. A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery negative electrode according to claim 8 .
10. A method of producing the carbonaceous material according to claim 1 , the method comprising:
(1) mixing a saccharide with a substance capable of generating ammonia gas to obtain a mixture;
(2) increasing a temperature of the mixture in an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature increase rate of 100° C/hour or more to a predetermined temperature between 500 and 1200° C.; and
(3) applying a heat treatment at a temperature of 500 to 1200° C. with an inert gas at a flow rate of 0.5 to 5.0 L/min relative to 5 g of the saccharide to obtain a char.
11. A method of producing the carbonaceous material according to claim 1 , the method comprising:
(1) mixing a saccharide with a substance capable of generating ammonia gas to obtain a mixture;
(2A) increasing a temperature of the mixture in an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature increase rate of 100° C/hour or more to a first predetermined temperature between 500 and 1000° C.;
(3A) applying a heat treatment at a temperature of 500 to 1000° C. with an inert gas at a flow rate of 0.5 to 5.0 L/min relative to 5 g of the saccharide to obtain a char;
(2B) increasing a temperature of the char in an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature increase rate of 100° C/hour or more to a second predetermined temperature between 800 and 1400° C.; and
(3B) applying a heat treatment at a temperature of 800 to 1400° C. with an inert gas at a flow rate of 0.5 to 5.0 L/min relative to 5 g of the char.
12. A negative electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery,
wherein the negative electrode active material comprises a carbonaceous material having a nitrogen content of 3.75 mass % or more and 5.2 mass % or less as measured by elemental analysis, a ratio of the nitrogen content and a hydrogen content (R N/H ) of 11 or more and 21.10 or less, and the a ratio of an oxygen content and the nitrogen content (R O/N ) of 0 . 25 or more and 0 . 51 or less, and a carbon interplanar spacing (d 002 ) observed by X-ray diffraction measurement of 3.70 Å or more.