Glass-ceramics and glasses
A glass-ceramic includes glass and crystalline phases, where the crystalline phase includes non-stoichiometric suboxides of titanium, forming ‘bronze’-type solid state defect structures in which vacancies are occupied with dopant cations.
1. An article, comprising:
a substrate of glass-ceramic comprising an amorphous phase of silicate glass and a crystalline phase comprising precipitates of a ternary metal oxide of formula M′ x M″ y O z , wherein M″ is a transition metal, y and z are such that M″ y O z is a highest binary oxide of the transition metal, M′ is a dopant cation, and 0<x<1;
wherein precipitates of the crystalline phase are homogenously distributed within the glass-ceramic such that the precipitates are present from an exterior surface of the glass-ceramic and throughout a bulk of the glass-ceramic; and
wherein the amorphous and crystalline phases are such that the glass-ceramic is optically transparent, having transmittance of 1%/mm or greater over at least one 50 nm-wide wavelength band of light in a range from 400 nm to 700 nm wavelength.
2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the precipitates are a volume fraction in the glass-ceramic of at least 5%.
3. The article of claim 2 , wherein the precipitates are a volume fraction in the glass-ceramic of no more than 20%.
4. The article of claim 1 , wherein at least some of the precipitates are at least 1 nm long and no more than 300 nm long.
5. The article of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of W, Mo, V, and Ti.
6. The article of claim 5 , wherein the transition metal comprises W for some of the precipitates and Mo others of the precipitates.
7. The article of claim 5 , wherein the dopant cation is selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Ag, Au, Cu, Sn, Cd, In, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, U, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Pd, Se, Ta, Bi, and Ce.
8. The article of claim 7 , wherein the dopant cation is selected from the sub-group consisting of Ag, Au, and Cu, wherein at least some of the precipitates with dopant cations of the sub-group have a length of 2 nm to 20 nm and a width from 2 nm to 10 nm.
9. The article of claim 7 , wherein the crystalline and amorphous phases are such that the glass-ceramic exhibits 20% or less haze, where haze is percentage of transmitted light scattered outside an angular cone of ±2.5° over a transmission path of 1 mm of the glass-ceramic.
10. The article of claim 7 , having an optical density per mm of 6.0 or less, as measured with a spectrometer where optical density is −log (I/I 0 ), where I 0 is intensity of light incident on the glass-ceramic and I is intensity of light transmitted through the glass-ceramic, averaged over near-infrared absorbance.
11. An article, comprising:
a substrate of glass-ceramic comprising an amorphous phase of silicate glass and a crystalline phase comprising precipitates of a ternary metal oxide of formula M′ x M″ y O z , wherein M″ is a transition metal, y and z are such that M″ y O z is a highest binary oxide of the transition metal, M′ is a dopant cation, and 0<x<1;
wherein precipitates of the crystalline phase are homogenously distributed within the glass-ceramic such that the precipitates are present from an exterior surface of the glass-ceramic and throughout a bulk of the glass-ceramic; and
wherein the amorphous and crystalline phases are such that the glass-ceramic has strong attenuation of near infrared light, having absorption of at least 90%/mm for light in at least one 50 nm-wide wavelength band of light in a range from 700 nm to 1700 nm wavelength.
12. The article of claim 11 , wherein the amorphous and crystalline phases are such that the glass-ceramic is optically transparent, having transmittance of 1%/mm or greater over at least one 50 nm-wide wavelength band of light in a range from 400 nm to 700 nm wavelength.
13. The article of claim 12 , wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of W, Mo, V, and Ti.
14. The article of claim 13 , wherein the dopant cation is selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Ag, Au, Cu, Sn, Cd, In, Ti, Pb, Bi, Th, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, U, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Pd, Se, Ta, Bi, and Ce.
15. The article of claim 14 , wherein the precipitates are a volume fraction in the glass-ceramic of at least 0.001% and no more than 20%.
16. An article, comprising:
a substrate of glass-ceramic comprising an amorphous phase of silicate glass and a crystalline phase comprising precipitates of a ternary metal oxide of formula M′ x M″ y O z , wherein M″ is a transition metal, y and z are such that M″ y O z is a highest binary oxide of the transition metal, M′ is a dopant cation, and 0<x<1;
wherein precipitates of the crystalline phase are homogenously distributed within the glass-ceramic such that the precipitates are present from an exterior surface of the glass-ceramic and throughout a bulk of the glass-ceramic; and
wherein the amorphous and crystalline phases are such that the glass-ceramic is ultraviolet absorbent, having absorption of at least 90%/mm for light in at least one 50 nm-wide wavelength band of light having a wavelength less than 400 nm wavelength.
17. The article of claim 16 , wherein the amorphous and crystalline phases are such that the glass-ceramic is optically transparent, having transmittance of 1%/mm or greater over at least one 50 nm-wide wavelength band of light in a range from 400 nm to 700 nm wavelength.
18. The article of claim 17 , wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of W, Mo, V, and Ti.
19. The article of claim 18 , wherein the dopant cation is selected from the group consisting of H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Ag, Au, Cu, Sn, Cd, In, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, U, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Pd, Se, Ta, Bi, and Ce.
20. The article of claim 19 , wherein the precipitates are a volume fraction in the glass-ceramic of at least 0.001% and no more than 20%.