Activitation of natural pozzolans
An activated pozzolan composition includes a fine interground particulate blend of an initially unactivated natural pozzolan and a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) different than the initially unactivated natural pozzolan. The initially unactivated natural pozzolan may include volcanic ash or other natural pozzolanic deposit having a moisture content of at least 3%, and the activated pozzolan composition can have a moisture content less than 0.5% The initially unactivated natural pozzolan may have a particle size less than 1 mm before intergrinding with the SCM. The SCM used to activate the initially unactivated natural pozzolan can be initially coarse or granular with a size greater than 1-3 μm and may include granulated blast furnace slag, steel slag, other metallurgical slag, pumice, limestone, fine aggregate, shale, tuff, trass, geologic material, waste glass, glass shards, basalt, sinters, ceramics, recycled bricks, recycled concrete, refractory materials, other waste industrial products, sand, or natural mineral.
1. An activated pozzolan composition consisting of an interground particulate blend formed by intergrinding an initially granular material with a natural pozzolan,
wherein the initially granular material interground with the natural pozzolan is a non-lime-bearing material selected from the group consisting of limestone, fine aggregate, shale, geologic material, natural minerals, waste glass, glass shards, basalt, sinters, ceramics, recycled bricks, recycled concrete, other waste industrial products, and sand; and further optionally comprising one or more selected from the group consisting of calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), calcium nitrite (Ca(NO 2 ) 2 ), calcium nitrate (Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ), alkali metal salt, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium citrate, or alkali metal salt of a weak acid.
2. The activated pozzolan composition of claim 1 , wherein the initially granular material has an initial particle size of at least 1 mm prior to being interground with the natural pozzolan.
3. The activated pozzolan composition of claim 1 , wherein the natural pozzolan is selected from the group consisting of calcined clay, metakaolin, volcanic ash, tuff, trass, pumice, perlite, and other materials of volcanic origin.
4. The activated pozzolan composition of claim 1 , wherein the natural pozzolan has an initial particle size of less than about 1 mm prior to being interground with the initially granular material.
5. The activated pozzolan composition of claim 1 , wherein the natural pozzolan has an initial moisture content prior to being interground with the initially granular material, and wherein the interground particulate blend has a moisture content less than the initial moisture content.
6. The activated pozzolan composition of claim 1 , wherein the interground particulate blend has a d90 equal to or less than about 25 μm.
7. The activated pozzolan composition of claim 1 , wherein the interground particulate blend has a d50 equal to or less than about 12 μm.
8. The activated pozzolan composition of claim 1 , wherein the interground particulate blend has a d10 equal to or less than about 2 μm.
9. An activated pozzolan composition consisting of and formed by intergrinding an initially granular and non-lime bearing material comprising at least one of calcium carbonate or silica having an initial size of at least 1 mm with a natural pozzolan having an initial moisture content to form an interground particulate blend having a d90 equal to or less than about 45 μm and a resulting moisture content less than the initial moisture content.
10. The activated pozzolan composition of claim 9 , wherein the natural pozzolan has an initial moisture content of at least 3% prior to being interground with the initially granular material.
11. The activated pozzolan composition of claim 9 , wherein the interground particulate blend has a moisture content of less than 0.5%.
12. The activated pozzolan composition of claim 9 , wherein the interground particulate blend has a d50 equal to or less than about 16 μm and a d10 equal to or less than about 2.5 μm.
13. The activated pozzolan composition of claim 9 , wherein the initially granular and non-lime bearing material interground with the natural pozzolan is selected from the group consisting of limestone, dolomite, aggregate, shale, geologic materials, natural minerals, waste glass, glass shards, basalt, sinters, ceramics, recycled bricks, recycled concrete, and other waste industrial materials, and wherein the natural pozzolan comprises calcined clay, metakaolin, volcanic ash, tuff, trass, pumice, perlite, or other material of volcanic origin.
14. An activated pozzolan composition consisting of a dry interground particulate blend of limestone that has not been calcined to form calcium oxide (CaO) and volcanic ash, the dry interground particulate blend having a d90 equal to or less than about 45 μm, a d50 equal to or less than about 18 μm, and a d10 equal to or less than about 3 μm.
15. The activated pozzolan composition of claim 14 , wherein dry interground particulate blend is formed by intergrinding the limestone and volcanic ash to form an interground limestone-volcanic ash particulate blend, wherein the volcanic ash has an initial moisture content of at least 3% prior to being interground with the limestone.
16. The activated pozzolan composition of claim 15 , wherein the interground limestone-volcanic ash particulate blend has a moisture content of less than 0.5%.
17. The activated pozzolan composition of claim 15 , wherein the limestone is initially granular with an initial particle size of at least about 3 mm prior to being interground with the volcanic ash, and wherein the volcanic ash has an initial particle size less than about 1 mm prior to being interground with the limestone.