Enhancing geothermal energy production in a well
A method for recompleting a well is applied to a well such that the recompleted well can thermally transfer geothermal energy to surface. The recompleting method can comprise steps to hydraulically isolate a wellbore using a hydraulic isolation means, and enhance the thermal conductivity of a reservoir in which the wellbore is located by inserting a thermal material into the reservoir that displaces a reservoir fluid having a lower thermal conductivity than the thermal material.
1. A method for enhancing geothermal energy production in a well, comprising:
placing a first thermal material into void spaces of a reservoir adjacent to a first target interval of a wellbore length of the well;
placing a second thermal material into void spaces of the reservoir adjacent to a second target interval of the wellbore length that is different than the first target interval of the wellbore length;
wherein the first and second thermal materials have a higher thermal conductivity than reservoir fluid in the reservoir, or the first and second thermal materials have a higher thermal conductivity than reservoir rock of the reservoir; and
inserting first and second hydraulically isolating materials into the first and second target intervals of the wellbore length such that an interior portion of the wellbore is hydraulically isolated from the adjacent reservoir.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising, prior to inserting the first and second hydraulically isolating materials into the first and second target intervals of the wellbore length, placing the first and second thermal materials into pores of fracturing sand or proppant within an existing propped fracture network or other stimulated porosity that exists in the adjacent reservoir.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein placing the first and second thermal materials in the void spaces displaces reservoir fluid from the void spaces.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first and second thermal materials comprise a gaseous or a liquid fluid selected from a group consisting of: water, aqueous solutions, alcohols, light hydrocarbons, natural gas liquids, ketones, ammonia, nitrogen, methane, ethane and carbon dioxide.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first and second thermal materials are a mixture comprising a carrier fluid and a solid having a higher thermal conductivity than the reservoir fluid.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the solid is selected from a group consisting of: oxide ceramics, nitride/carbide ceramics, metals, metal alloys, graphite, graphene, carbon nano-tubes, silicon and silicon dioxide.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the mixture further comprises an additive comprising one or more of: settable materials, viscosifiers, surfactants and solutes.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first and second thermal materials are selected from a group consisting of: a solids-free fluid, a solute containing a precipitating solid, and a carrier fluid containing nanoparticles.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first and second thermal materials are a carrier fluid containing nanoparticles selected from a group consisting of: alumina, copper oxide, magnetite, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, silicon carbide, copper, silver, iron, aluminum, silica, tin oxide, aluminum copper alloy, silver aluminum alloy, single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphene oxide nanosheets.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first and second thermal materials further comprise a carrying fluid selected from a group consisting of water, alcohols, light hydrocarbons, ketones and carbon dioxide.
11. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the first and second thermal materials have a thermal conductivity that is at least 15% greater than the thermal conductivity of the reservoir fluid.
12. The method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising, prior to inserting the first and second hydraulically isolating materials into the first and second target intervals of the wellbore length, hydraulically fracturing rock in the adjacent reservoir at the first and second target intervals of the wellbore length, then placing the first and second thermal materials into rock fractures created by the hydraulic fracturing.
13. The method as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the first and second thermal materials have a thermal conductivity that is at least 15% greater than the thermal conductivity of the rock in the adjacent reservoir.
14. The method as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the first and second thermal materials are a mixture comprising a carrier fluid and a solid, wherein the solid has a higher thermal conductivity than the reservoir rock.
15. The method as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the solid is selected from a group consisting of: oxide ceramics, nitride/carbide ceramics, metals, metal alloys, graphite, graphene, carbon nano-tubes, silicon and silicon dioxide.
16. The method as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the mixture further comprises an additive comprising one or more of: settable materials, viscosifiers, surfactants and solutes.
17. The method as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the first and second thermal materials further comprise a carrying fluid selected from a group consisting of water, alcohols, light hydrocarbons, ketones and carbon dioxide.
18. The method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising, prior to placing the first and second thermal materials into the void spaces of the reservoir, hydraulically fracturing the reservoir rock at the first and second target intervals of the wellbore length;
wherein the void spaces in which the first and second thermal materials are placed include hydraulic fracture openings of in the reservoir rock.
19. The method as claimed in claim 18 , wherein the first and second thermal materials are mixed with a carrier fluid to form a slurry that is injected into the fracture openings.
20. The method as claimed in claim 18 , wherein the first and second thermal materials include deformable particles that deform under a rock closure stress of the reservoir to reduce porosity and improve thermal conductivity of a thermally conductive path created by the thermal material.
21. The method as claimed in claim 20 , wherein the deformable material is selected from the group consisting of lead, gold, silver, tin, zinc, aluminum, thorium, copper, brass, hematite, bronze, iron and graphite.
22. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first hydraulically isolating material is inserted into the first target interval of wellbore length after the first thermal material is inserted into the void spaces of the reservoir adjacent the first target interval of wellbore length, before the second thermal material is inserted into the void spaces of the reservoir adjacent the second target interval of wellbore length and before the second hydraulically isolating material is inserted into the second target interval of wellbore length.
23. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first and second hydraulically isolating materials are inserted into the first and second target intervals of wellbore length respectively after the first and second thermal materials are inserted into the void spaces of the reservoir adjacent the first and second target intervals respectively.
24. The method as claimed in claim 1 further comprising:
prior to inserting the first hydraulically isolating material into the wellbore, hydraulically fracturing rock in the adjacent reservoir at the first target interval of the wellbore length, then placing the first thermal material into rock fractures created by the hydraulic fracturing at the first target interval; and
prior to inserting the second hydraulically isolating material into the wellbore, hydraulically fracturing rock in the adjacent reservoir at the second target intervals of the wellbore length, then placing the second thermal material into rock fractures created by the hydraulic fracturing at the second target interval.