Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
One or more aspects of the present disclosure are directed to bladders that incorporate a multi-layer optical film that impart a structural color to the bladder. The present disclosure is also directed to articles including the bladders having a multi-layer optical film, and methods for making articles and bladders having a multi-layer optical film.
1. A bladder comprising:
a top wall and a bottom wall opposite the top wall; and one or more sidewalls extending between the top wall and the bottom wall of the bladder, wherein the top wall, the bottom wall, and the one or more sidewalls collectively define an interior region of the bladder, and wherein the one or more sidewalls each comprise an interior-facing side and an exterior-facing side; and
a multi-layer optical film operably disposed on the interior-facing side or exterior-facing side of at least one of the one or more sidewalls to impart a structural color having at least one hue to the one or more sidewalls;
wherein the multi-layer optical film comprises at least two adjacent layers having different refractive indices and at least one of the layers has a thickness that is about one-fourth of the wavelength of the visible light to be reflected by the multi-layer optical film to produce the structural color.
2. The bladder of claim 1 , wherein the structural color is a limited iridescent multihued structural color that varies over a limited number of hues when viewed at different angles that are at least 15 degrees apart, wherein the limited number is 2 or 3.
3. The bladder of claim 1 , wherein the structural color is an iridescent structural color.
4. The bladder of claim 1 , wherein the structural color produced by the multi-layer optical film is different from the color of the underlying bladder wall.
5. The bladder of claim 1 , wherein the multi-layer optical film contains no pigments and no dyes.
6. The bladder of claim 1 , wherein the bladder wall further includes an average wall thickness between the interior-facing side and exterior-facing side that is less than 5 millimeters.
7. The bladder of claim 1 , wherein the multi-layer optical film has from 2 to 20 layers, each layer independently having a thickness of about 10 to 500 nanometers.
8. The bladder of claim 1 , wherein the multi-layer optical film has from 2 to 20 layers, each layer independently having a thickness of about 10 to 500 nanometers, wherein the multi-layer optical film contains no pigments and no dyes.
9. The bladder of claim 1 , wherein the structural color of the bladder is visible to a viewer having 20/20 visual acuity and normal color vision from a distance of about 1 meter from the bladder.
10. The bladder of claim 1 , wherein the structural color is a single hue structural color that has the same hue or substantially the same hue when viewed from at least 3 different angles of observation that are at least 15 degrees apart from each other.
11. The bladder of claim 10 , wherein the single hue selected from the group consisting of the primary, secondary and tertiary colors on the red yellow blue (RYB) color wheel, all of the assigned hues fall into a single hue group, wherein the single hue group is one of a) green-yellow, yellow, and yellow-orange; b) yellow, yellow-orange and orange; c) yellow-orange, orange, and orange-red; d) orange-red, and red-purple; e) red, red-purple, and purple; f) red-purple, purple, and purple-blue; g) purple, purple-blue, and blue; h) purple-blue, blue, and blue-green; i) blue, blue-green and green; and j) blue-green, green, and green-yellow.
12. The bladder of claim 1 , wherein the inflated bladder further comprises a plurality of topographical structures extending from the interior-facing or exterior-facing side of at least one of the one or more sidewalls such that the multi-layer optical film covers the plurality of topographical structures.
13. The bladder of claim 12 , wherein the first side of the multi-layer optical film covers the plurality of topographical structures, and the first layer of the multi-layer optical film at least partially conforms to the plurality of topographical structures.
14. The bladder of claim 1 , further comprising a primer layer on the exterior-facing side of the bladder wall or on the interior-facing side of the bladder wall, and the multi-layer optical film is disposed on the primer layer.
15. The bladder of claim 14 , wherein the primer layer comprises a paint.
16. The bladder of claim 14 , wherein the primer layer comprises an ink.
17. The bladder of claim 14 , wherein the primer layer comprises a reground, and at least partially degraded polymer.
18. The bladder of claim 14 , wherein the primer layer has a thickness of about 1 to about 200 micrometers, or optionally of about 10 to about 100 micrometers, or optionally of about 10 to about 80 micrometers.
19. The bladder of claim 14 , wherein the primer layer is a coating, wherein the coating is a crosslinked coating including a matrix of crosslinked polymers.
20. The bladder of claim 19 , wherein the matrix of crosslinked polymers includes crosslinked elastomeric polymers.