Composite reference electrode substrate and methods relating thereto
Composite reference electrode substrates and relating methods are provided. The composite reference electrode substrate includes a separator portion and a current collector portion adjacent to the separator portion. A method for forming the reference electrode substrate includes anodizing one or more surfaces of a first side of an aluminum foil so as to form a porous separator portion disposed adjacent to a porous current collector portion. The porous separator portion includes aluminum oxide, and the current collector portion includes the aluminum foil. The separator portion and the current collector portion each have a porosity of greater than or equal to about 10 vol. % to less than or equal to about 80 vol. %.
1. A composite reference electrode comprising:
a separator portion comprising aluminum oxide and having a porosity of greater than or equal to about 10 vol. % to less than or equal to about 80 vol. %;
a current collector portion integral with and adjacent to the separator portion, the current collector portion comprising aluminum and having a porosity greater than or equal to about 10 vol. % to less than or equal to about 80 vol. %, pores of the separator portion being continuous with pores of the current collector portion such that the pores of the separator portion and the pores of the current collector portion together define a plurality of channels through the composite reference electrode; and
an electroactive material layer disposed near or adjacent to a surface of the current collector portion away from the separator portion.
2. The composite reference electrode of claim 1 , wherein the separator portion has a first average thickness of greater than or equal to about 3 μm to less than or equal to about 300 μm, and the current collector portion has a second average thickness of greater than or equal to about 5 μm to less than or equal to about 300 μm.
3. The composite reference electrode of claim 1 , wherein the separator portion has a first average thickness of about 15 μm, the current collector portion has a second average thickness of about 10 μm, the separator portion has a porosity of greater than or equal to about 30 vol. % to less than or equal to about 60 vol. %, and the current collector portion has a porosity of greater than or equal to about 30 vol. % to less than or equal to about 60 vol. %.
4. The composite reference electrode of claim 1 , wherein the pores of the separator portion have an average pore diameter of greater than or equal to about 50 nm to less than or equal to about 500 nm, and the pores of the current collector portion have an average pore diameter of greater than or equal to about 50 nm to less than or equal to about 500 nm.
5. The composite reference electrode of claim 1 , wherein the electroactive material layer has an average thickness of greater than or equal to about 0.2 μm to less than or equal to about 5 μm.