Use of controlled release acid system in treatment of wells
Release of hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid and fluoroboric acid into a well may be controlled by introducing into the well an aqueous fluid containing ammonium chloride, ammonium bifluoride, ammonium fluoroborate, ammonium tetrafluoroborate or a mixture thereof and a breaker. After being introduced into the well, the ammonium salt reacts with the breaker and the acid is released into the well.
1. A method of treating a well or a subterranean formation penetrated by a well comprising:
(a) pumping into the well an aqueous fluid comprising (i) a breaker selected from the group consisting of organic alkanolamines, acetyltriethyl citrate, tributyl O-acetylcitrate, tri-n-butyl citrate, triethyl citrate, persulfates, peroxydisulfites, peroxycarbonates, peroxides, perborates, bromates, percarbonates, chlorates, bromites, perchlorates, iodates, periodates, chlorites, hypochlorites hypobromites and mixtures thereof and (ii) a hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid or fluoroboric acid generating ammonium salt selected from the group consisting of ammonium chloride, ammonium bifluoride, ammonium fluoroborate, ammonium tetrafluoroborate and mixtures thereof; and (iii) an activator selected from the group consisting of formate acid esters, citric acid esters, acetic acid esters, lactic acid ester, esters of acetic acid and glycerol, aliphatic polyesters; poly(lactides); poly(glycolides); poly(epsilon-caprolactones); poly(hydroxyester ethers); poly(hydroxybutyrates); aliphatic polycarbonates; poly(orthoesters); poly(amino acids); poly(ethylene oxides); and polyphosphazenes and mixtures thereof; and
(b) releasing hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid or fluoroboric acid in the well or formation from a reaction between the ammonium salt, the breaker and the activator, wherein the temperature in the well is less than or equal to 125° F.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein at least one of the following conditions prevail:
(a) the subterranean formation is subjected to matrix acidizing and aqueous fluid is pumped into the well at a pressure less than the pressure required to create or enhance a fracture in the subterranean formation and further wherein reaction of the released hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid or fluoroboric acid with minerals in the formation forms conductive channels or wormholes within the formation;
(b) the subterranean formation is subjected to acid fracturing and the hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid or fluoroboric acid is released and etches the fracture face to form a conductive channel;
(c) the aqueous fluid is pumped into the well at a pressure sufficient to create or enhance a fracture in the subterranean formation and further wherein the released hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid or fluoroboric acid etches grooves along a fracture face to form a conductive channel;
(d) the formation is a sandstone formation and acid-soluble siliceous material in the sandstone formation are dissolved with the released acid;
(e) the formation is a carbonate formation and carbonate materials are dissolved in the carbonate formation with the released acid;
(f) scale deposits are dissolved in the subterranean formation with the released acid;
(g) scale deposition onto or within the subterranean formation is inhibited or controlled by the released acid;
(h) consolidated particulates are formed in the formation by hardening a curable resin onto unconsolidated particulates in the presence of the released acid;
(i) the aqueous fluid further comprises sodium silicate and the released hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid or fluoroboric acid reacts with silicate ions and forms a silica gel plug;
(j) the aqueous fluid is a pad fluid;
(k) the aqueous fluid is pumped into the well before a pad fluid;
(l) the aqueous fluid is pumped into the well after a pad fluid;
(m) the aqueous fluid further comprises a gelling agent; or
(n) flowback of proppant from the well is inhibited or prevented by the released acid.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the subterranean formation is subjected to matrix acidizing and aqueous fluid is pumped into the well at a pressure less than the pressure required to create or enhance a fracture in the subterranean formation and further wherein reaction of the released hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid or fluoroboric acid with minerals in the formation forms conductive channels or wormholes within the formation.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the subterranean formation is subjected to acid fracturing and the hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid or fluoroboric acid is released and etches the fracture face to form a conductive channel.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the aqueous fluid is pumped into the well at a pressure sufficient to create or enhance a fracture in the subterranean formation and further wherein the released hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid or fluoroboric acid etches grooves along a fracture face to form a conductive channel.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein scale deposits are dissolved in the subterranean formation with the released acid.
7. The method of claim 2 , wherein scale deposition onto or within the subterranean formation is inhibited or controlled by the released acid.
8. The method of claim 2 , wherein consolidated particulates are formed in the formation by hardening a curable resin onto unconsolidated particulates in the presence of the released acid.
9. The method of claim 2 , wherein the aqueous fluid further comprises sodium silicate and the released hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid or fluoroboric acid reacts with silicate ions and forms a silica gel plug.
10. The method of claim 2 , wherein the aqueous fluid further comprises a gelling agent.
11. The method of claim 2 , wherein the formation is a sandstone formation and acid-soluble siliceous material in the sandstone formation are dissolved with the released acid.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the formation is a sandstone formation and further comprising dissolving acid-soluble siliceous material in the sandstone formation with the released acid.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the formation is a carbonate formation and further comprising dissolving carbonate materials in the subterranean formation with the released acid.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising dissolving scale deposits in the subterranean formation with the released acid or controlling or inhibiting scale deposition onto or within the subterranean formation with the released acid.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the aqueous fluid comprising the hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid or fluoroboric acid generating ammonium salt, breaker and activator is pumped into the well and the released acid catalyzes or activates curing of a resin onto unconsolidated particulates in the formation to form consolidated particulates.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the formation is a carbonate formation and the released acid reacts with the carbonate formation and forms a viscous gel within a high permeability zone of the formation and further wherein the viscous gel blocks further flow of acid into the high permeability zone and directs further acid flow into a lower permeability zone.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the breaker or the ammonium salt or both the breaker and the ammonium salt are encapsulated.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the breaker is selected from the group consisting of persulfates, peroxydisulfites, peroxycarbonates, inorganic peroxides, perborates, alkali bromates, percarbonates, sodium perchlorate, potassium iodate, potassium periodate, sodium chlorite, sodium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite and mixtures thereof.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the activator is selected from the group consisting of methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, propyl lactate, butyl lactate ethylene glycol monoformate, ethylene glycol diformate, diethylene glycol diformate, glyceryl monoformate, glyceryl diformate, glyceryl triformate, triethylene glycol diformate, formate esters of pentaerythritol, tripropionin, trilactin, and esters of acetic acid and glycerol and mixtures thereof.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the breaker is an alkali bromate, perborate, peroxide, iodate, periodate, chlorite, persulfate, hypochlorite, or an alkaline hypochlorite or a mixture thereof and wherein the aqueous fluid further comprises an organic acid ester.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the time of reaction between the hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid or fluoroboric acid generating ammonium salt and breaker after being pumped into the well is less than or equal to 10 minutes.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the molar ratio of ammonium salt to breaker in the aqueous fluid pumped into the well is from about 1:1 to about 6:1.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the formation is a carbonate formation and further comprising dissolving carbonate materials in the subterranean formation with the released acid.