Electromechanical sensor and a method of sensing an object or a tactile input using the sensor

1. An electromechanical sensor comprising:

a base provided with a magnetic sensor arranged to detect a change in magnetic flux at the position of the magnetic sensor;

a flexible film adjacent to the magnetic sensor; and

a magnetic element provided on the flexible film;

wherein the magnetic element is arranged to move relative to the magnetic sensor when the flexible film is reversibly deformed by an external force applied to the flexible film.

2. The electromechanical sensor in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the magnetic element includes magnetic powders distributed across the flexible film.

3. The electromechanical sensor in accordance with claim 2 , wherein the magnetic powders include neodymium.

4. The electromechanical sensor in accordance with claim 2 , wherein the magnetic element has a non-uniform magnetization pattern across the flexible film.

5. The electromechanical sensor in accordance with claim 4 , wherein the non-uniform magnetization pattern includes a sinusoidal pattern.

6. The electromechanical sensor in accordance with claim 5 , wherein the sinusoidal pattern repeats periodically along at least one axis of the flexible film.

7. The electromechanical sensor in accordance with claim 6 , wherein the sinusoidal pattern repeats periodically and radially thereby defining the magnetization pattern with a plurality of concentric rings.

8. The electromechanical sensor in accordance with claim 2 , wherein magnetic powders form a Halbach array.

9. The electromechanical sensor in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the flexible film comprises a polymer.

10. The electromechanical sensor in accordance with claim 9 , wherein the polymer includes polydimethylsiloxane.

11. The electromechanical sensor in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the magnetic sensor is aligned with a magnetic pole of the magnetic element.

12. The electromechanical sensor in accordance with claim 11 , wherein the magnetic sensor includes at least one hall sensor mounted on the base.

13. The electromechanical sensor in accordance with claim 12 , wherein the base comprises a printed circuit board.

14. The electromechanical sensor in accordance with claim 13 , wherein the base comprises a flexible printed circuit.

15. The electromechanical sensor in accordance with claim 12 , wherein the magnetic sensor includes an array of hall sensors mounted on the base.

16. The electromechanical sensor in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the flexible film defines a curved sensing surface.

17. The electromechanical sensor in accordance with claim 1 , further comprises a spacer layer between the base and the flexible film.

18. The electromechanical sensor in accordance with claim 17 , wherein the spacer layer is arranged to partially absorb the external force applied to the flexible film and/or to restore the flexible film to an original state.

19. The electromechanical sensor in accordance with claim 17 , wherein the spacer layer comprises an elastomer material.

20. The electromechanical sensor in accordance with claim 19 , wherein the elastomer material includes silicone.

21. The electromechanical sensor in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the external force includes a combination of shear force and normal force.

22. The electromechanical sensor in accordance with claim 17 , wherein the magnetic sensor is arranged to decouple the combined external force to the shear force and the normal force applied to the flexible film.

23. A sensor array comprising a plurality of electromechanical sensors in accordance with claim 1 .

24. A method of sensing an object or a tactile input, comprising the steps of:

receiving a detection signal provided by the magnetic sensor in the electromechanical sensor in accordance with claim 22 , wherein the detection signal is generated in response to a movement of the magnetic element on the flexible film,

decoupling the external force to a shear force component and a normal force component in terms of a magnetic ratio R B and a magnetic strength B of the magnetic flux sense by the magnetic sensor; and

determining the shear force and the normal force applied to the flexible film.

25. The method of claim 24 , further comprising the step of processing the detection signal to determine a position and/or a depth of a pressing force applied to the flexible film.

26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the step of processing the detection signal includes processing a magnetic flux density of neighbouring taxels in the magnetic sensor around the position of the pressing force applied to the flexible film.

27. The method of claim 25 , wherein the step of processing the detection signal includes measuring a magnetic flux density at the position of the pressing force applied to the flexible film to determine the depth of the pressing force with reference to a pre-calibrated lookup table.

28. The method of claim 25 , wherein the step of processing the detection signal includes measuring the depth at the position of the pressing force applied to the flexible film to determine a force magnitude of the pressing force with reference to a pre-calibrated lookup table.

29. The method of claim 25 , wherein the step of processing the detection signal include estimating coordinates of the position of the pressing force applied to the flexible film using a neural network.

30. The method of claim 25 , further comprising the step of tracking a motion of an object corresponding to external forces applied on the flexible film by the object during a predetermined period of time.