Device for processing data including at least two data interfaces, and operating method therefor
A device for processing data, including at least two data interfaces, a first data interface of the at least two data interfaces being designed to at least temporarily exchange first data with at least one first external unit according to a first communication protocol, in particular CAN and/or FlexRay and/or LIN and/or MOST and/or Ethernet, a second data interface of the at least two data interfaces being designed to at least temporarily exchange data with a second external unit and/or the first external unit according to a second communication protocol, which is different than the first communication protocol, the device including a security unit, which is designed to at least temporarily carry out at least one security function with regard to at least one of the at least two data interfaces.
1. A device for processing data, comprising:
a gateway of a motor vehicle, the gateway including:
at least two data interfaces, a first data interface of the at least two data interfaces being configured to at least temporarily exchange first data with at least one first external unit according to a first communication protocol, a second data interface of the at least two data interfaces being configured to at least temporarily exchange second data with a second external unit according to a second communication protocol, which is different than the first communication protocol, wherein the first communication protocol includes CAN and/or FlexRay and/or LIN and/or MOST and/or Ethernet; and
a security unit configured to at least temporarily carry out at least one security function with regard to at least one of the at least two data interfaces, wherein the security unit is configured to at least temporarily monitor and/or evaluate data traffic between the first interface and the second interface and to generate a cross-protocol routing heat map based on the monitored and/or evaluated data traffic between the first interface and the second interface, deviations and changes in the cross-protocol routing heat map during operation of the motor vehicle being used by the security unit for intrusion detection, and wherein the security unit is implemented at least partially in hardware.
2. The device as recited in claim 1 , wherein the at least one security function includes at least one of the following functions: a) firewall function, b) intrusion detection, c) intrusion prevention, d) intrusion detection and prevention, e) deep packet inspection, f) stateful packet inspection.
3. The device as recited in claim 1 , wherein the security unit is configured to execute the at least one security function in a cross-protocol manner and/or a protocol-independent manner.
4. The device as recited in claim 1 , wherein the security unit is implemented entirely in hardware.
5. The device as recited in claim 4 , wherein the security unit includes at least one of the following elements: a) a hardware circuit; b) a field-programmable gate array c) an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).
6. The device as recited in claim 1 , wherein the security unit a) includes at least one protocol-independent hardware filter, and/or b) is configured to define the at least one hardware filter, wherein the at least one hardware filter is at least temporarily usable to filter at least one part of the first data and/or the second data and/or further data, wherein the first data and/or the second data are associated with different communication protocols.
7. The device as recited in claim 1 , wherein the security unit is configured to evaluate at least one part of the first data and/or of the second data, the security unit being configured to infer a context of a target system for the device, based on the evaluation, the security unit being configured to: (i) influence an execution of the at least one security function, based on the evaluation and/or on the context, and/or (ii) vary a configuration of the security unit and/or the at least one security function.
8. The device as recited in claim 1 , wherein the security unit is configured to carry out a check of pieces of header information which are associated with an Ethernet-based protocol, and/or DoIP, and/or SomeIP, and/or TCP.
9. The device as recited in claim 1 , wherein the security unit is configured to monitor and/or analyze and/or report a sequence of multiple predefinable messages of the first data interface and/or of the second data interface.
10. The device as recited in claim 9 , wherein the security unit is configured to monitor whether a predefinable sequence of the predefinable messages occurs at the first data interface and/or the second data interface, the security unit being configured to initiate a response if the predefinable sequence does not occur or does not occur within a predefinable time, the response including at least one of the following elements: a) limiting a data rate of at least one of the at least two data interfaces, b) at least temporarily deactivating at least one of the at least two data interfaces.
11. The device as recited in claim 1 , wherein the security unit includes at least one state machine, and/or the security unit is configured to at least temporarily define or implement the at least one state machine.
12. The device as recited in claim 11 , wherein the security unit is configured to monitor, using the at least one state machine, one or multiple messages of at least one stateful communication protocol, which is at least temporarily assignable or assigned to at least one of the at least two data interfaces, and/or to simulate and/or monitor state sequences of the at least one stateful communication protocol.
13. The device as recited in claim 1 , wherein the security unit is configured to: (i) at least temporarily monitor and/or limit a data rate and/or packet frequency, and/or (ii) carry out further policing functions.
14. The device as recited in claim 1 , wherein the security unit includes at least one counter, and/or the security unit is configured to at least temporarily define or implement the at least one counter, wherein the device is configured to use the at least one counter at least temporarily to count events.
15. The device as recited in claim 1 , wherein the security unit is configured to at least temporarily link the at least one security function to at least one of the at least two data interfaces.
16. The device as recited in claim 1 , wherein the security unit is configured to: a) at least temporarily limit, for at least one data interface of the at least two data interfaces, a data rate and/or packet frequency of packets arriving at the at least one data interface and/or going out from the at least one data interface, and/or b) at least temporarily block at least one data interface of the at least two data interfaces, to prevent or make more difficult denial of service attacks on the at least one data interface.
17. The device as recited in claim 1 , wherein the security unit is configured to configure and/or reconfigure at least one component of the security unit dynamically.
18. The device as recited in claim 1 , wherein the device includes at least one evaluation unit which is configured to evaluate the first data and/or the second data and/or data derived from the first data and/or the second data, the evaluation unit being configured to carry out at least one software-based function.
19. A method for processing data packets of different communication protocols in motor vehicle, the method comprising:
providing, in the motor vehicle, a device including a gateway for the motor vehicle, the gateway including: (i) at least two data interfaces, a first data interface of the at least two data interfaces being configured to at least temporarily exchange first data with at least one first external unit according to a first communication protocol, a second data interface of the at least two data interfaces being configured to at least temporarily exchange second data with a second external unit according to a second communication protocol, which is different than the first communication protocol, wherein the first communication protocol includes CAN and/or FlexRay and/or LIN and/or MOST and/or Ethernet and (ii) a security unit configured to at least temporarily carry out at least one security function with regard to at least one of the at least two data interfaces, wherein the security unit is configured to at least temporarily monitor and/or evaluate data traffic between the first interface and the second interface and to generate a cross-protocol routing heat map based on the monitored and/or evaluated data traffic between the first interface and the second interface, deviations and changes in the cross-protocol routing heat map during operation of the motor vehicle being used by the security unit for intrusion detection, and wherein the security unit is implemented at least partially in hardware; and
at least temporarily using the device.
20. The device as recited in claim 1 , wherein the device is used for at least one of the following elements: a) hardware-based and/or hardware-accelerated monitoring, of data packets of different communication protocols in a motor vehicle; b) ascertaining and/or detecting a context of a target system; c) hardware-based and/or hardware-accelerated monitoring of a violation of firewall rules; d) hardware-based and cross-protocol filtering of data packets; e) preventing and/or making more difficult denial of service attacks on the at least one data interface.