Refined oil compositions and methods for making
A refined oil comprising at least one polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), wherein the oil has a fatty acid ester of monochloropropanediol, epoxypropanol, and mixtures thereof in an amount of 10 ppm or less, and processes for producing the oil. The oil is preferably a microbial or marine oil.
1. A refined microbial or marine oil comprising at least 35% of at least one polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), wherein the PUFA is selected from arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and mixtures thereof, wherein the oil has a fatty acid ester of monochloropropanediol, epoxypropanol, and mixtures thereof in an amount of 10 ppm or less, and an AnV of less than 20.
2. The oil of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid ester of monochloropropanediol is bound 2-monochloropropane-1,2-diol ( 2 -MCPD) and/or bound 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD).
3. The oil according to claim 1 or claim 2 , wherein the fatty acid ester of epoxypropanol is bound 2,3-epoxy-1-propanol.
4. The oil according to claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid ester is in an amount of 1 ppm or less.
5. The oil according to claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid ester is in an amount of 0.3 ppm or less.
6. The oil according to claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid ester is in an amount of 0.1 ppm or less.
7. The oil according to claim 1 , wherein the oil has an anisidine value of less than 10.
8. The oil according to claim 1 , wherein the oil comprises at least 40% of a desired PUFA.
9. The oil according to claim 1 , wherein the oil is a microbial oil.
10. The microbial oil according to claim 9 , wherein the microorganism is selected from the group comprising microalgae, bacteria, fungi and protists.
11. The oil according to claim 10 , wherein the microorganism is of the genus Thraustochytrium.
12. The oil according to claim 11 , wherein the microorganism is of the species Schizochytrium sp.
13. The oil according to claim 10 , wherein the microorganism is of the genus Mortierella.
14. The oil according to claim 10 , wherein the microorganism is of the genus Crypthecodinium.
15. The oil according to claim 14 , wherein the microorganism is of the species Crypthecodinium cohnii.
16. The oil according to claim 14 , wherein the microorganism is of the species Mortierella alpina.
17. The oil according to claim 1 , wherein the oil is produced by a genetically modified organism.
18. The oil according to claim 1 , wherein a second oil is added to the oil.
19. The oil according to claim 18 , wherein the second oil is a vegetable oil.
20. The oil according to claim 18 or claim 19 , wherein the second oil has a fatty acid ester of monochloropropanediol, epoxypropanol, and mixtures thereof in an amount of 3 ppm or less.
21. The oil according to claim 18 , wherein the second oil has a fatty acid ester of monochloropropanediol, epoxypropanol, and mixtures thereof in an amount of 1 ppm or less.
22. The oil according to claim 1 , wherein the oil has been subjected to a process comprising treating the oil with a silica and an activated carbon, and optionally, a bleaching earth, and deodorizing the oil, in which the oil is subject to steam under heat, and wherein the temperature of the deodorization is 170-210° C.
23. The oil according to claim 22 , wherein the rate of steam in the deodorization step is 1-10 wt. %.
24. The oil according to claim 22 , wherein the deodorization is performed using a short path distillation apparatus, a wiped-film evaporator, a thin-film evaporator, or a rotating packed bed deodorizer.
25. The oil according to claim 22 , wherein the residence time of the oil during the deodorization is less than two minutes.
26. A food product, cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition for a non-human or human, comprising the oil of claim 1 .
27. The food product of claim 26 , wherein the food product is an infant formula.
28. The food product of claim 26 , wherein the food product is a milk, a beverage, a therapeutic drink, a nutritional drink, or a combination thereof.
29. The food product of claim 26 , wherein the food product is a dietary supplement.
30. A process for reducing and/or preventing the formation, or decreasing the level of, at least one fatty acid ester in a microbial or marine oil comprising:
(a) treating the oil with a silica and an activated carbon, and, optionally, a bleaching earth; and
(b) deodorizing the oil, in which the oil is subjected to steam under heat, wherein the temperature of the deodorization is 170-190° C.; and
wherein the fatty acid ester is a fatty acid ester of monochloropropanediol, epoxypropanol, and mixtures thereof, and wherein the microbial or marine oil comprises (i) at least 35% of at least one polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), wherein the PUFA is selected from arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and mixtures thereof; and
(ii) an AnV of less than 20,
wherein the fatty acid ester is in an amount of 10 ppm or less.
31. The process of claim 30 , wherein the rate of steam is 1-10 wt. %.
32. The process according to claim 30 , wherein the deodorization is performed using a short path distillation apparatus, a wiped-film evaporator, a thin-film evaporator, or a rotating packed bed deodorizer.
33. The process according to claim 30 , wherein the residence time of the oil during the deodorization process is less than two minutes.
34. The process according to claim 30 , wherein the fatty acid ester of monochloropropanediol is bound 2-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (2-MCPD) and/or bound 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD).
35. The process according to claim 30 , wherein the fatty acid ester of epoxypropanol is bound 2,3-epoxy- 1 -propanol.
36. The process according to claim 30 , wherein the fatty acid ester is in an amount less than 5 ppm.
37. The process according to claim 30 , wherein the fatty acid ester is in an amount less than 1 ppm.
38. The process according to claim 30 , wherein the fatty acid ester is in an amount less than 0.3 ppm.
39. The process according to claim 30 , wherein the fatty acid ester is in an amount less than 0.3 ppm.
40. The process according to claim 30 , wherein the oil has an anisidine value of less than 10.
41. The process according to claim 30 , wherein the oil comprises at least 40% of a desired PUFA.
42. The process according to claim 30 , wherein the oil is a microbial oil.
43. The process according to claim 42 , wherein the oil has been produced by a microorganism, wherein the microorganism is selected from the group comprising microalgae, bacteria, fungi and protists.
44. The process according to claim 43 , wherein the microorganism is of the genus Crypthecodinium.
45. The process according to claim 44 , wherein the microorganism is of the species Crypthecodinium cohnii.
46. The process according to claim 43 , wherein the microorganism is of the genus Thraustochytrium.
47. The process according to claim 46 , wherein the microalgae is of the species Schizochytrium sp.
48. The process according to claim 43 , wherein the microorganism is of the genus Mortierella.
49. The process according to claim 48 , wherein the microorganism is of the species Mortierella alpina.
50. The process according to claim 30 , wherein the oil is produced by a genetically modified organism.
51. A refined oil produced by the process in claim 36 .
52. A food product, cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition for a non-human or human, comprising the oil of claim 51 .
53. The food product of claim 52 , wherein the food product is an infant formula.
54. The food product of claim 52 , wherein the food product is a milk, a beverage, a therapeutic drink, a nutritional drink, or a combination thereof.
55. The food product of claim 52 , wherein the food product is a dietary supplement.