Edible foodstuffs and bio reactor design
Methods of production of edible filamentous fungal biomat formulations are provided as standalone protein sources and/or protein ingredients in foodstuffs as well as a one-time use or repeated use self-contained biofilm-biomat reactor comprising a container with at least one compartment and placed within the compartment(s), a feedstock, a fungal inoculum, a gas-permeable membrane, and optionally a liquid nutrient medium.
1. A product comprising at least about 25 wt. % particles of filamentous fungus, wherein the particles of filamentous fungus:
have a width of between about 0.4 mm and about 7 mm and a length of between about 0.4 mm and about 500 mm;
are inactivated;
are free of feedstock on which a filamentous fungal biomass, from which the particles of filamentous fungus were derived, was grown; and
comprise at least about 46 wt. % protein.
2. The product of claim 1 , wherein the length is between about 4 mm and about 10 mm.
3. The product of claim 1 , wherein the width is between about 1 mm and about 3 mm.
4. The product of claim 1 , wherein the filamentous fungus belongs to the genus Fusarium.
5. The product of claim 4 , wherein the filamentous fungus is selected from the group consisting of Fusarium strain MK7 (ATCC Accession Deposit No. PTA-10698), Fusarium venenatum, Fusarium avenaceum , and Fusarium fujikuroi.
6. The product of claim 1 , comprising all essential amino acids.
7. The product of claim 1 , wherein the particles of filamentous fungus comprise size-reduced particles derived from a filamentous fungal biomat produced by surface fermentation.
8. The product of claim 7 , wherein the size-reduced particles have been size-reduced from the biomat by a means selected from the group consisting of cutting the biomat, chopping the biomat, dicing the biomat, mincing the biomat, grinding the biomat, blending the biomat, sonicating the biomat, and combinations thereof.
9. The product of claim 1 , wherein the filamentous fungus is selected from the group consisting of Neurospora crassa, Agaricus bisporus, Boletus edulis , Cantarellus cibarius , Calvatia gigantea, Cyclocybe aegerita, Ganoderma lucidum , Grifola frondosa , Morchella spp., Hypsizygus tessellatus, Hypsizygus ulmarius , Laetiporus spp., Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pholiota microspora, Sparassis crispa , and Tuber spp.
10. The product of claim 1 , wherein the particles of filamentous fungus comprise aerial hyphae.
11. The product of claim 1 , wherein the particles of filamentous fungus comprise fiber.
12. The product of claim 11 , wherein the particles of filamentous fungus have a fiber content of at least about 23 wt. %.
13. The product of claim 1 , wherein the particles of filamentous fungus have a lipid content of about 6 wt. % to about 11 wt. %.
14. The product of claim 1 , wherein the particles of filamentous fungus have been inactivated by a treatment selected from the group consisting of heating, irradiation, steaming, and combinations thereof.
15. A food product comprising the product of claim 1 .
16. The food product of claim 15 , wherein the food product is selected from the group consisting of a meat product analog, a chicken nugget analog, a fish product analog, and a jerky analog.
17. The food product of claim 15 , wherein the particles of filamentous fungus are the source for at least about 25 wt. % of protein in the food product.
18. The food product of claim 17 , wherein the particles of filamentous fungus are the sole protein component in the food product.
19. The food product of claim 15 , wherein the food product is vegan.
20. The food product of claim 15 , wherein the product of claim 1 makes up at least about 10 wt. % of the food product.
21. The food product of claim 20 , wherein the product of claim 1 makes up at least about 50 wt. % of the food product.
22. The food product of claim 15 , further comprising animal meat.
23. The food product of claim 22 , wherein the animal meat is selected from the group consisting of beef, chicken, pork, and fish.
24. The food product of claim 15 , further comprising at least one additive selected from the group consisting of flavors, spices, flavor enhancers, fats, fat replacers, preservatives, sweeteners, color additives, nutrients, emulsifiers, stabilizers, thickeners, pH control agents, acidulants, leavening agents, anti-caking agents, humectants, yeast nutrients, dough strengtheners, dough conditioners, firming agents, enzyme preparations, gases, and combinations thereof.
25. The food product of claim 24 , wherein the at least one additive is selected from the group consisting of flavors, spices, flavor enhancers, and sweeteners.
26. The food product of claim 24 , wherein the at least one additive comprises a spice mixture selected from the group consisting of a Cajun spice mixture, a cheese spice mixture, a soy spice mixture, a vinegar spice mixture, an herb spice mixture, a sour cream and onion spice mixture, a liquid smoke spice mixture, and a vegan meat spice mixture.
27. The food product of claim 15 , wherein the food product is a foodstuff comparable to at least one of tofu, bacon, and jerky.
28. The food product of claim 16 , wherein the product of claim 1 has been subjected to tenderization.