Doped lithium anode, battery having a doped lithium anode, and methods of use thereof
An anode of a battery comprises lithium metal, and a dopant, in the lithium metal. The anode has a thickness of at most 50 μm, and the dopant is a metal with an electronegativity greater than lithium.
1. An anode, comprising:
lithium metal, and
a dopant, in the lithium metal,
wherein the anode has a thickness of at most 50 μm, and
the dopant is a metal with an electronegativity greater than lithium.
2. The anode of claim 1 , wherein the dopant is present in an amount of 0.02 to 1.0 atomic percent.
3. The anode of claim 1 , wherein the dopant is present in an amount of at most 0.2 atomic percent.
4. The anode of claim 1 , wherein the anode has a thickness of at most 30 μm.
5. The anode of claim 1 , wherein the dopant is a metal selected from the group consisting of: aluminum, silver, gold, platinum, tin, bismuth, copper, indium, zinc, nickel and mixtures thereof.
6. The anode of claim 1 , wherein the anode demonstrates stability in dry air.
7. The anode of claim 1 , wherein the anode passes the improved charge transport test.
8. A battery comprising:
an anode,
an anode charge collecting element in contact with the anode
a cathode,
a cathode charge collecting element in contact with the cathode, and
an electrolyte in contact with the anode and the cathode, and a housing, enclosing the anode, anode charge colleting element, cathode, cathode charge collecting element and electrolyte,
wherein the anode comprises lithium metal doped with a dopant, and the dopant is present in an amount of 0.02 to 1.0 atomic percent.
9. The battery of claim 8 , further comprising a separator.
10. The battery of claim 8 , wherein the electrolyte is liquid.
11. The battery of claim 8 , wherein the anode has a thickness of at most 30 μm.
12. The battery of claim 8 , wherein the cathode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of: sulfur compounds, cobalt compounds, graphite, nickel compounds, manganese compounds, oxides, iron compounds and mixtures thereof.
13. The battery of claim 8 , wherein the electrolyte comprises
a salt, selected from the group consisting of: LiPF 6 , lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide and mixtures thereof, and
a solvent, selected from the group consisting of carbonates, ethers and mixtures thereof.
14. The battery of claim 8 , wherein the anode has a thickness of at most 15 μm.
15. The battery of claim 13 , wherein the salt comprises LiPF 6 ,
the solvent comprises EC/DMC, and
the cathode comprises NMC811.
16. A method of making the anode of claim 1 , comprising:
melting lithium metal,
introducing a dopant metal into the lithium metal to form molten doped lithium metal,
solidifying the doped lithium metal, and
forming the doped lithium metal into a foil having a thickness of at most 50 μm.
17. A method of generating electrical power with the battery of claim 8 , comprising:
connecting the anode and cathode of the battery to an external load to complete a circuit.
18. The battery of claim 8 , wherein the battery retains at least 70% capacity after 200 cycles.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the battery is assembled in air.
20. A method of recharging the battery of claim 8 , comprising connecting the battery to an electrical power source.