Genetically engineered T cells with regnase-1 and/or TGFBRII disruption have improved functionality and persistence
A population of genetically engineered T cells, comprising a disrupted Reg1 gene and/or a disrupted TGFBRII gene. Such genetically engineered T cells may comprise further genetic modifications, for example, a disrupted CD70 gene. The population of genetically engineered T cells exhibit one or more of (a) improved cell growth activity; (b) enhanced persistence; and (c) reduced T cell exhaustion, (d) enhanced cytotoxicity activity, (e) resistant to inhibitory effects induced by TGF-b, and (f) resistant to inhibitory effects by fibroblasts and/or inhibitory factors secreted thereby, as compared to non-engineered T cell counterparts.
1. A method for preparing a population of genetically engineered T cells, the method comprising:
(a) providing a plurality of T cells;
(b) genetically editing the Regnase-1 (Reg1) gene and the Transforming Growth Factor Beta Receptor II (TGFBRII) gene in the T cells; and
(c) producing a population of genetically engineered T cells, which comprises Reg1 knockout and TGFBRII knockout T cells.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (b) is performed by one or more CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene editing systems.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein step (b) is performed by delivering to the plurality of cells an RNA-guided nuclease, a gRNA targeting the Reg1 gene, and a gRNA targeting the TGFBRII gene.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the gRNA targeting the Reg1 gene is specific to exon 2 or exon 4 of the Reg1 gene.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the gRNA targeting the Reg1 gene comprises a spacer, which comprises the nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 24, 32, 36, and 52.
6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the gRNA targeting the TGFBRII gene is specific to exon 4 or exon 5 of the TGFBRII gene.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the gRNA targeting the TGFBRII gene comprises a spacer, which comprises a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 272, 300, 308, and 314.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the gRNA targeting the Reg1 gene and the gRNA targeting the TGFBRII gene further comprises a scaffold sequence.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the gRNA targeting the Reg1 gene comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, 30, 34, or 50; and/or wherein the gRNA targeting the TGFBRII gene comprises a nucleotide sequence of SEQ 117 NOs: 270, 300, 306, or 312.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of T cells in step (a) comprises one or more of the following genetic modifications:
(i) engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR);
(ii) has a knockout T cell receptor alpha chain constant region (TRAC) gene;
(iii) has a knockout β2M gene; and
(iv) has a knockout CD70 gene.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises:
(i) delivering to the T cells a nucleic acid encoding a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR);
(ii) genetically editing a T cell receptor alpha chain constant region (TRAC) gene to knockout its expression;
(iii) genetically editing a beta-2-microglobulin (β2M) gene to knockout its expression;
(iv) genetically editing a CD70 gene to disrupt its expression; or
(v) a combination thereof.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the method comprises steps (ii) and (iii), which are performed by one or more CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene editing systems comprising one or more RNA-guided nucleases and one or more gRNAs targeting the TRAC gene and the β2M gene.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the gRNA targeting the TRAC gene comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ H) NO: 59.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the gRNA targeting the β2M gene comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 63.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the method further comprises step (iv), and wherein the one or more CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene editing systems further comprise a gRNA targeting the CD70 gene.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the gRNA targeting the CD70 gene comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the method comprises delivering to the T cells one or more ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) comprising an RNA-guided nuclease, one or more of gRNAs, and the nucleic acid encoding the CAR.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the RNA-guided nuclease is a Cas9 nuclease.
19. The method of claim 11 , wherein the nucleic acid encoding the CAR is in an AAV vector.
20. The method of claim 11 , wherein the nucleic acid encoding the CAR, comprises a first homology arm and a second homology arm flanking the nucleotide sequence encoding the CAR; and wherein the first homology arm and the second homology arm are homologous to a genomic locus in the T cells, allowing for insertion of the nucleic acid into the genomic locus.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the genomic locus is in the Reg1 gene, the TGFBRII gene, the TRAC gene, the β2M gene, or the CD70 gene.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the genomic locus is the TRAC gene.
23. The method of claim 12 , wherein the method comprising disrupting the TRAC gene by a CRISPR/Cas-mediated gene editing system comprising a gRNA comprising nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 47 and the nucleic acid encoding the CAR is inserted at the site targeted by the gRNA.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the CAR binds CD19 and comprises an extracellular antigen binding domain specific to CD19, wherein the extracellular antigen binding domain comprises a single chain variable fragment (scFv) that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 120.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the CAR that binds CD19 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 117 or SEQ ID NO:353.
26. The method of claim 23 , wherein the method comprising delivering to the T cells a nucleic acid encoding a CAR, which is specific to CD70, and genetically editing the CD70 gene to knockout its expression.
27. The method of claim 26 , wherein the CAR specific to CD70 comprises an extracellular antigen binding domain that binds CD70, wherein the extracellular antigen binding domain comprises a single chain variable fragment (scFv) that comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 140 or 142.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein the CAR specific to CD70 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:138 or SEQ NO:354.
29. The method of claim 1 , wherein the T cells of step (a) are isolated from primary T cells of one or more human donors.