Tensile testing machine
A tensile testing machine comprising a test specimen whose elongation is to be measured along a tensile axis, slide plates, an intermediate plate, and first and second parallel guide rods, which freely guide the slide plates axially past them.
1. A tensile testing machine comprising:
a frame provided with a first fastening element at a first end of a test specimen whose elongation is to be measured along a tensile axis; and
tensile means adapted to exert a traction along the tensile axis and provided with a second fastening element, forming an axial bar, at a second end of the specimen, coaxially to the tensile axis,
wherein the tensile testing machine further comprises:
a first sliding plate slidably mounted along the second fastening element and on which a first part of elongation measuring means for measurements of said elongation parallel to the tensile axis is mounted,
a second intermediate plate, which is fixed to the second fastening element and to which a first guide rod is fixed, the first guide rod extending parallel to the tensile axis and passing freely through the first sliding plate,
a third sliding plate, which is slidably mounted along the second fastening element and to which a second part of the elongation measuring means is attached,
an elastic return means returning the first and third sliding plates towards each other axially,
a second guide rod parallel to the first guide rod, which freely guides the first and third sliding plates axially, by being disposed at their level, and
first and second deflection rods, sensing the first and second fastening elements, respectively, the first deflection rod being fixed with the first sliding plate through which the second deflection rod passes, the second deflection rod further coming to bear against the third sliding plate, to act on the third sliding plate parallel to the tensile axis, so that the elongation measuring means detect, parallel to said tensile axis, a displacement between the first and third sliding plates.
2. The testing machine according to claim 1 , wherein:
the first deflection rod passes through the first sliding plate at a passage which is open transversely to the tensile axis, and
the second deflection rod passes through the first sliding plate at the location of an additional passage which is open transversely to the tensile axis and through which the second fastening element also passes.
3. The testing machine according to claim 1 , in which the second guide rod passes freely through the intermediate plate and the free sliding of the first and third sliding plates parallel to the tensile axis is limited by a stop fixed to the second guide rod and interposed between the first sliding plate and the intermediate plate.
4. The testing machine according to claim 1 , wherein:
the first and second fastening elements are upper and lower fastening elements for the upper and lower ends respectively of the test specimen,
the first and third sliding plates are upper and lower plates respectively, and
the tensile means comprise a lever pivotally mounted on the frame about an axis transverse to said tensile axis and connected to said second fastening element, coaxially to the tensile axis, one end of the lever carrying a mass for applying an axial tensile force to said second end of the specimen.
5. The testing machine according to claim 1 , wherein:
one of said first and second parts of the measuring means comprises reference means for said measurements acting parallel to the tensile axis, and
that the other of said first and second parts of the measuring means comprises, coaxially linked thereto, an LVDT sensor.
6. The testing machine according to claim 5 , in which the LVDT sensor passes through and is attached to the third sliding plate via a slotted centring bushing which is locked by a first screw to which a second lower end of the elastic return means is attached.
7. The testing machine according to claim 5 , in which the reference means for said measurements comprise an adjusting screw which passes through and is connected to said first sliding plate by means of a threaded ring onto which the adjusting screw is screwed and which is locked by a second screw to which a first upper end of the elastic return means is fixed.
8. The testing machine according to claim 1 , which further comprises ball guides mounted in passages of first and third sliding plates through which first and second guide rods, respectively, pass, the ball guides passing through said passages to extend beyond them.