Targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to human adipocytes
Compositions and methods relating to modulating thermogenic regulation are disclosed. The compositions and methods can be used to treat diseases or conditions such as obesity or cardiometabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, NAFLD and NASH. Compositions include an adipocyte-targeting composition that includes a therapeutic agent capable of modulating thermogenic regulation, a targeting element facilitating cellular uptake and delivery of the therapeutic agent to a targeted adipocyte, and liposomal particles comprising sphingomyelin, DMPC, and cholesterol, wherein the liposomal particles enhance intra-cellular penetration of the therapeutic agent and protect the therapeutic agent from degradation.
1. An adipocyte-targeting composition comprising:
(a) a therapeutic agent capable of modulating lipid oxidation and/or thermogenic regulation;
(b) a targeting element facilitating cellular uptake and delivery of the therapeutic agent to a targeted adipocyte; and
(c) liposomal particles comprising sphingomyelin, DMPC, and cholesterol, wherein the liposomal particles enhance intra-cellular penetration of the therapeutic agent and protect the therapeutic agent from degradation.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein sphingomyelin comprises 30-50% of the liposomal particles by weight, DMPC comprises 30-50% of the liposomal particles by weight, and cholesterol comprises 10-30% of the liposomal particles by weight.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein sphingomyelin comprises 40% of the liposomal particles by weight, DMPC comprises 40% of the liposomal particles by weight, and cholesterol comprises 20% of the liposomal particles by weight.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the liposomes have a peak mean diameter between about 135 and 150 nm or a polydispersity index of less than about 0.035.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutic agent comprises an RNA oligonucleotide from 7 to 22 nucleotides in length.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutic agent comprises miR-22 antagomir, miR-515 agomir, dinitrophenol, niclosamide, (33 adrenergic receptor agonist, a thyromimetic agent, PPAR alpha agonist, PPAR gamma agonist, retinoic acid, hexarelin, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), prohibitin (PHB), a polyphenol, resveratrol, curcumin, a capsicinoid, an isoflavone, or a component of a gene editing system.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the targeting element is a lipid that is linked to the therapeutic agent.
8. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the lipid comprises decanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, oleoyl glycine, docosanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, dotriacontahexaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, or cholesterol.
9. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the lipid is a fatty acid that is naturally transported by fatty acid translocase.
10. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the therapeutic agent is encapsulated within the interior of the liposome.
11. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the therapeutic agent is associated with the surface of the liposome.
12. The composition of claim 7 , wherein the therapeutic agent is linked to the lipid by a linker selected from the group consisting of a covalent bond, a disulfide bond, a diester bond, a peptide bond, an ionic bond, or a biotin-streptavidin bond.
13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the targeting element specifically binds to Fatty Acid Translocase, Aquaporin 7, Perilipin 1, or Perilipin 2.
14. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the targeting element comprises an antibody, antibody fragment, scFv, or single domain antibody.
15. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the targeting element comprises hexarelin, or Thrombospondin-1, or a Thrombospondin-1 peptide having the amino acid sequence GVITRIR.
16. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the therapeutic agent is linked to the targeting element by a linker selected from the group consisting of a covalent bond, a disulfide bond, a diester bond, a peptide bond, an ionic bond, or a biotin-streptavidin bond.
17. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutic agent modulates lipid oxidation and/or respiratory chain uncoupling.
18. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the therapeutic agent modulates activity of Uncoupling Protein 1, Uncoupling Protein 2, or Uncoupling Protein 3.
19. An adipocyte-targeting therapeutic agent comprising an oligonucleotide linked to Hexarelin via a disulfide bond.
20. The therapeutic agent of claim 19 , wherein the oligonucleotide is between 7 and 22 nucleotides in length.
21. The therapeutic agent of claim 19 , wherein the oligonucleotide is an antagomir of miR-22 or an agomir of miR-515.
22. A method of modulating thermogenic regulation in a subject comprising providing to the subject the composition of claim 1 .
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein providing the composition or therapeutic agent comprises administering the composition or therapeutic agent subcutaneously, transcutaneously or intravenously.
24. The method of claim 22 , wherein the patient has obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, or Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis.