Time domain reflectometry liquid level sensing for launch vehicles

1. A fluid level detection system, comprising:

a probe, the probe including a conductive trace extending along at least a portion of the probe, the probe being positioned within an interior of a tank, the tank containing a fluid with a level, and at least a portion of the probe being in contact with the fluid;

a pulse generator, the pulse generator adapted to supply a pulse to the probe for transmission along the conductive trace;

a timer, the timer adapted to identify a first time, corresponding to a transmission time of the pulse, and a second time, corresponding to a receipt time of a reflected pulse; and

a comparator, the comparator adapted to receive at least the reflected pulse from the probe and to determine a value for the reflected pulse; and

a connecting region forming at least a portion of the probe, the connecting region including a plurality of channels to separately receive the pulse from the pulse generator, the plurality of channels including at least a measurement channel and a first calibration channel, the first calibration channel being disconnected from the measurement channel so that when the pulse is transmitted to the measurement channel the pulse is isolated from the first calibration channel, and wherein the measurement channel includes a launch zone corresponding to a trace pattern having a longer length than a connecting region length to provide a time delay between transmission of the pulse and entry of the pulse at the probe.

2. The fluid level detection system of claim 1 , further comprising:

a second calibration channel; and

an auxiliary channel.

3. The fluid level detection system of claim 1 , wherein the probe comprises:

an extending region, wherein

the connecting region is arranged between the pulse generator and the extending region.

4. The fluid level detection system of claim 3 , wherein the extending region comprises:

a lead trace extending from a first end to a second end, the lead trace coupling the extending region to the connecting region; and

one or more columns extending along an extending region length, the one or more columns having a compressed configuration increasing an effective length of the conductive trace.

5. The fluid level detection system of claim 1 , wherein the probe is formed on a printed circuit board.

6. The fluid level detection system of claim 1 , wherein the pulse generator produces a square wave.

7. A method for determining a fluid level, comprising:

transmitting, to a first portion of a probe, a pulse;

directing the pulse, along a measurement channel disconnected from a calibration channel, to a second portion of the probe, the second portion being electrically coupled to the first portion, wherein a time period of the pulse in the first portion is increased by a trace pattern of the measurement channel;

receiving, from the second portion of the probe, a partially reflected pulse, the partially reflected pulse being indicative of a property change for at least a portion of the probe;

determining the partially reflected pulse satisfies a threshold; and

determining, based at least in part on the partially reflected pulse, the fluid level.

8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising:

directing the pulse to a first channel of the first portion.

9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:

directing the pulse to a second channel of the first portion; and

determining, based at least in part on a second channel response, wavefront propagation velocity.

10. The method of claim 7 , further comprising:

determining a pulse value;

determining, based at least in part on the property change, an expected partially reflected pulse value; and

adjusting the threshold, based at least in part on the expected partially reflected pulse value.

11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the threshold comprises an upper level and a lower level.

12. The method of claim 7 , wherein the property change corresponds to an impedance change.

13. The method of claim 7 , wherein the pulse is a square wave.

14. The method of claim 7 , further comprising:

receiving, from the second portion of the probe, a fully reflected pulse, the fully reflected pulse being received after the partially reflected pulse.

15. A fluid level detection system, comprising:

a measurement probe, comprising:

a launch zone, the launch zone having a launch zone length including a first portion of a conductive trace, the launch zone arranged to provide a time delay;

a lead trace, coupled to the launch zone, the lead trace having a lead trace length including a second portion of the conductive trace; and

a plurality of channels, including at least a measurement channel and a first calibration channel, the first calibration channel being disconnected from the measurement channel; and

a front end, the front end configured to transmit a pulse, to the measurement probe, and receive one or more reflected pulses in response to the pulse, the front end comprising:

a pulse generator to transmit the pulse to the measurement probe; and

a timer to record one or more indicators corresponding to a pulse transmission and a reflected pulse receipt.

16. The fluid level detection system of claim 15 , wherein the launch zone forms at least a portion of a connecting region

and each channel of the plurality of channels is coupled to direct the pulse along a respective section of conductive trace.

17. The fluid level detection system of claim 15 , further comprising:

a comparator configured to receive the one or more indicators and determine, based at least in part on the one or more indicators, whether the one or more reflected pulses correspond to a partial reflected pulse or a fully reflected pulse.

18. The fluid level detection system of claim 17 , wherein a partial reflected pulse has a lower value than a fully reflected pulse.

19. The fluid level detection system of claim 15 , wherein the pulse is a square wave having a duration between 10 and 30 ns.

20. The fluid level detection system of claim 15 , wherein the measurement probe is a flexible probe formed on a printed circuit board.