Porous aluminum pyrazoledicarboxylate frameworks

1. A porous aluminum-based metal-organic framework (MOF), comprising aluminum atoms linked via 1H-pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylate (HPDC) ligands,

wherein each aluminum atom is capped by four oxygen atoms from two HPDC ligands and two oxygen atoms from two hydroxyl groups, thereby forming AlO 6 octahedra,

wherein the AlO 6 octahedra form corner-sharing chains, and

wherein the MOF comprises repeating units of formula: [Al(OH)(HPDC)].

2. The MOF of claim 1 , comprising a monoclinic crystal system.

3. The MOF of claim 1 , wherein the HPDC ligands further bridge two of the corner-sharing chains together, resulting in a 3D framework having one-dimensional channels with a diameter of 5 Å or 6 Å as measured by the largest fitting sphere.

4. The MOF of claim 3 , wherein the one-dimensional channels are square-shaped.

5. The MOF of claim 1 , wherein the MOF has a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 980 m 2 g −1 or 1380 m 2 g −1 .

6. The MOF of claim 1 , wherein the MOF has a topology of xhh.

7. The MOF of claim 1 , wherein the MOF has a topology of utp.

8. The MOF of claim 1 , wherein the MOF has the following properties:

a topology of xhh or utp; and

a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 980 m 2 g −1 or 1380 m 2 g −1 .

9. The MOF of claim 8 , wherein the MOF has a pore volume of between 0.55 cm 3 g −1 and 0.56 cm 3 g −1 .

10. The MOF of claim 1 , further comprising guest molecules adsorbed in at least a portion of pores in the MOF.

11. The MOF of claim 10 , wherein the guest molecules comprise solvent used in the synthesis of the MOF or a post-synthesis solvent-exchange, or a combination thereof.

12. The MOF of claim 10 , wherein the guest molecules comprise water adsorbed in at least a portion of pores in the MOF.

13. The MOF of claim 10 , wherein the guest molecules comprise gas adsorbed in at least a portion of pores in the MOF.

14. The MOF of claim 13 , wherein the gas comprises carbon dioxide.

15. A method of preparing the MOF of claim 1 , comprising linking aluminum ions, hydroxide ions and HPDC.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the linking is performed in the presence of water.

17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the linking is performed in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide.

18. A method using the MOF of claim 1 , comprising:

contacting the MOF with humid air to adsorb water from the humid air into at least a portion of pores in the MOF; and

desorbing water vapor from the MOF.

19. A method using the MOF of claim 1 , comprising:

contacting the MOF with a gas to adsorb carbon dioxide into at least a portion of pores in the MOF; and

desorbing carbon dioxide from the MOF.