Fuel cell startup/shutdown degradation mitigation by removal of oxygen ad/absorption media
Aspects of methods and systems to reduce degradation of a fuel cell ( 110 ) during start-up and shut-down cycles are disclosed. An anode exhaust stream ( 201 ′) is periodically directed via fluid communication through an oxygen capture media ( 86 ). After shut-down of the fuel cell and before or during start-up said media ( 86 ) removes oxygen in the anode exhaust stream. Periodically, heating the oxygen capture media ( 86 ) is employed to purge the oxygen collected and regenerate the media.
1. A fuel cell system comprising:
at least one fuel cell, each fuel cell including an anode inlet and a cathode inlet, wherein the anode inlet is configured to fluidly receive hydrogen and the cathode inlet is configured to fluidly receive an air source containing oxygen; and
a purification unit fluidly connected between an anode outlet of the at least one fuel cell and the anode inlet;
wherein the purification unit is configured to reduce the amount of oxygen in an anode exhaust stream exiting the anode outlet prior to the anode exhaust stream being directed to the anode inlet, the reduction being performed after shut-down, before start-up and during the startup; and,
wherein the purification unit contains a regenerable oxygen capture media configured to at least one of adsorb and absorb oxygen; and,
wherein the oxygen reduction before start-up reduces the cathode potential and decreases the instances of the cathode potential rising above 1.4V whereby
carbon corrosion of platinum catalyst support is significantly reduced.
2. A fuel cell system comprising:
at least one fuel cell, each fuel cell including an anode inlet and a cathode inlet, wherein the anode inlet is configured to fluidly receive hydrogen and the cathode inlet is configured to fluidly receive an air source containing oxygen; and
a purification unit fluidly connected between an anode outlet of the at least one fuel cell and the anode inlet;
a recircularization loop for configured to selectively direct anode outlet fluid to oxygen capture media;
wherein the purification unit is configured to reduce the amount of oxygen in an anode exhaust stream exiting the anode outlet prior to the anode exhaust stream being directed to the anode inlet, the reduction being performed after shut-down, before start-up and during the start-up;
wherein the purification unit is an oxygen scavenging system ( 300 );
wherein the purification unit contains a regenerable oxygen capture media configured to at least one of adsorb and absorb oxygen; and,
wherein the oxygen reduction before start-up reduces increase in localized anode potential by about 0.5V, across the electrode surface of the at least one fuel cell.
3. The fuel cell system of claim 2 , wherein the media includes an oxygen removing catalyst.
4. The fuel cell system of claim 2 , wherein the oxygen capture media is regenerated by stripping the media with a fluid containing at least hydrogen gas.
5. The fuel cell system of claim 2 , wherein the heat for regenerating the oxygen capture media is provided by at least one electrical heater.
6. The fuel cell system of claim 2 , wherein the oxygen capture media is regenerated by heating the media with a catalytic heater element ( 55 ) configured to combust hydrogen gas.
7. The fuel cell system of claim 6 , wherein the catalytic heater element is in thermal communication with the purification unit.
8. The fuel cell system of claim 1 , wherein the oxygen capture media contains at least one of nickel, copper, zinc oxide and carbon.
9. The fuel cell system of claim 3 , wherein the catalyst contains at least one member of the group consisting of palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, iridium gold, silver, rhenium, iron, chromium, cobalt, copper, manganese, tungsten, niobium, titanium, tantalum, lead, indium, cadmium tin, bismuth and gallium.
10. The fuel cell system of claim 3 , wherein the selected catalyst or alloy forming the catalyst is configured to combust hydrogen at temperatures as low 0° C.
11. The fuel cell system of claim 3 , wherein the selected catalysts or alloy forming the catalyst is configured to combust hydrogen at temperatures as low −30° C.