Method of metallic component surface modification for electrochemical applications
Method for forming a metallic component surface to achieve lower electrical contact resistance. The method comprises modifying a surface chemical composition and creating a micro-textured surface structure of the metallic component that includes small peaks and/or pits. The small peaks and pits have a round or irregular cross-sectional shape with a diameter between 10 nm and 10 microns, a height/depth between 10 nm and 10 microns, and a distribution density between 0.4 million/cm 2 and 5 billion cm 2 .
1. A metallic component having a surface with low electrical contact resistance, said component comprising:
a metallic substrate having a titanium alloy surface containing high valance elements that forms a surface oxide, wherein the weighted average valance of metallic elements in the surface oxide are in the range of +4.02 to +4.25,
the high valance element concentration in the surface oxide layer is higher than that in a bulk of the titanium alloy.
2. A metallic component having a surface with low electrical contact resistance, said component comprising:
a metallic substrate having a titanium alloy surface containing niobium or tantalum,
wherein the niobium or tantalum concentration in the surface oxide layer is higher than that in a bulk of the titanium alloy,
wherein a concentration of niobium or tantalum in the titanium alloy is between about 0.01% and 3%.
3. A metallic component having a surface with low electrical contact resistance, said component comprising:
a metallic substrate having a titanium alloy surface containing niobium or tantalum,
wherein the niobium or tantalum concentration in the surface oxide layer is higher than that in a bulk of the titanium alloy,
wherein a concentration of niobium or tantalum in the surface oxide layer is between about 4% and 15%.
4. The metallic component of claim 1 further comprising a titanium alloy substrate containing other alloy elements with the weighted valance of all metallic elements in surface oxide layer higher than 4.
5. The metallic component of claim 1 further comprising a metal substrate having a titanium alloy coating on a surface of the substrate, said coating containing niobium or tantalum.
6. The metallic component of claim 5 , wherein the titanium alloy coating is provided by one of thermal spraying or physical vapor deposition.
7. A metallic component having a surface with low electrical contact resistance, said component comprising:
a metallic substrate having a titanium alloy surface containing niobium or tantalum,
wherein the niobium or tantalum concentration in the surface oxide layer is higher than that in a bulk of the titanium alloy,
wherein the high concentration of niobium or tantalum in the surface oxide layer is obtained by:
chemically etching a surface of the titanium alloy to remove the original surface layer; and
naturally forming a thin oxide surface layer on the etched titanium alloy.
8. The metallic component of claim 7 , wherein the chemically etching process comprises immersing the titanium alloy surface in solutions containing hydrofluoric acid.
9. The metallic component of claim 7 , wherein the chemically etching process is performed in a low pressure environment having fluorine or chlorine containing chemicals or radicals in vapor phase.
10. A metallic component having a surface with low electrical contact resistance, said component comprising:
a metallic substrate having a titanium alloy surface containing niobium or tantalum,
wherein the niobium or tantalum concentration in the surface oxide layer is higher than that in a bulk of the titanium alloy,
wherein the high concentration of niobium or tantalum in the surface oxide layer is obtained by a thermal oxidization of the titanium alloy surface.
11. The metallic component of claim 10 , wherein the thermal oxidization temperature is between 100-800° C.
12. A metallic component having a surface with low electrical contact resistance, said component comprising:
a metallic substrate having a titanium alloy surface containing niobium or tantalum,
wherein the niobium or tantalum concentration in the surface oxide layer is higher than that in a bulk of the titanium alloy,
wherein said component comprises pure titanium plate as the substrate;
a coating of titanium alloy is deposited on the pure titanium substrate surface by thermal spray,
the sprayed plate is chemically etched to remove the original surface oxide layer and increase
the concentration of alloy element in the new surface oxide layer.
13. The component in claim 12 , titanium alloy contains niobium or tantalum, with the concentration between 0.01-3%.
14. The component in claim 12 , niobium or tantalum concentration in the surface oxide layer is between 3-15%.
15. The component of claim 12 , the surface oxide layer on the etched titanium alloy surface is further modified by thermal oxidization at temperature to obtain the dense, anhydrous and niobium or tantalum enriched surface oxide layer.
16. The metallic component of claim 15 , wherein the thermal oxidization temperature is between 100-800° C.