Freeform optical substrates in waveguide displays
Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to methods of forming a substrate having a target thickness distribution at one or more eyepiece areas across a substrate. The substrate includes eyepiece areas corresponding to areas where optical device eyepieces are to be formed on the substrate. Each eyepiece area includes a target thickness distribution. A base substrate thickness distribution of a base substrate is measured such that a target thickness change can be determined. The methods described herein are utilized along with the target thickness change to form a substrate with the target thickness distribution.
1. A method, comprising:
measuring a base substrate thickness distribution across a base substrate;
determining a target thickness change, the target thickness change determined by subtracting the base substrate thickness distribution from a target thickness distribution, the target thickness distribution corresponding to a thickness across one or more eyepiece areas of a substrate to be formed; and
forming a substrate having the target thickness distribution at the one or more eyepiece areas, the forming of the substrate having the target thickness distribution comprising:
disposing a resist over the base substrate and developing the resist utilizing a lithography process to form a gray-tone distribution having a thickness distribution corresponding to the target thickness distribution; or
disposing a resist over the base substrate with an inkjet printing process, the resist having a thickness distribution corresponding to the target thickness distribution and performing a transfer etch into the substrate, the transfer etch forming the target thickness distribution in the substrate.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein after disposing the resist over the base substrate and developing the resist utilizing a lithography process to form a gray-tone distribution having a thickness distribution corresponding to the target thickness distribution, the forming the substrate having the target thickness distribution further comprises performing a transfer etch into the substrate, the transfer etch forming the target thickness distribution in the substrate that corresponds to the thickness distribution of the gray-tone distribution.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising forming an optical device eyepiece at each of the eyepiece areas, the optical device eyepiece having the target thickness distribution at each of the eyepiece areas, the optical device eyepiece including a plurality of optical device structures.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the target thickness change determines a change to the base substrate thickness distribution to form the target thickness distribution.
5. A method, comprising:
planarizing a base substrate having a base substrate thickness distribution;
determining a target thickness change, the target thickness change determined by subtracting the base substrate thickness distribution from a target thickness distribution, the target thickness distribution corresponding to a thickness across one or more eyepiece areas of a substrate to be formed; and
forming a substrate having the target thickness distribution at the one or more eyepiece areas, the forming a substrate having the target thickness distribution comprising:
disposing a resist over the base substrate and developing the resist utilizing a lithography process to form a gray-tone distribution having a thickness distribution corresponding to the target thickness distribution; or
disposing a resist over the base substrate with an inkjet printing process, the resist having a thickness distribution corresponding to the target thickness distribution and performing a transfer etch into the substrate, the transfer etch forming the target thickness distribution in the substrate.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein after disposing the resist over the base substrate and developing the resist utilizing a lithography process to form a gray-tone distribution having a thickness distribution corresponding to the target thickness distribution the forming the substrate having the target thickness distribution further comprises performing a transfer etch into the substrate, the transfer etch forming the target thickness distribution in the substrate that corresponds to the thickness distribution of the gray-tone distribution.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the target thickness change determines a change to the base substrate thickness distribution to form the target thickness distribution.
8. A substrate, comprising:
a plurality of inactive areas; and
a plurality of eyepiece areas disposed between the plurality of inactive areas, each eyepiece area defining an area of the substrate to have an optical device eyepiece formed thereon, the plurality of eyepiece areas each having:
a target thickness distribution across the eyepiece area, the target thickness distribution defined by a distance between a top surface and a bottom surface of the substrate at the eyepiece area, wherein the optical device eyepiece formed at each of the eyepiece areas comprises a plurality of optical device structures corresponding to the target thickness distribution.
9. The substrate of claim 8 , wherein the target thickness distribution is formed at the plurality of eyepiece areas and the plurality of inactive areas.