Thermoplastic vulcanizate conduits for transporting hydrocarbon fluids
A conduit, particularly flexible conduit comprises an inner tubular housing, at least one reinforcing layer at least partially disposed around the inner housing, an outer protective sheath at least partially disposed around the at least one reinforcing layer, and optionally a thermally insulating layer disposed between the at least one reinforcing layer and the outer protective sheath. At least one of the outer protective sheath and the thermally insulating layer comprises a thermoplastic vulcanizate composition.
1. A flexible conduit comprising:
(a) an inner housing;
(b) at least one reinforcing layer at least partially disposed around the inner housing;
(c) an outer protective sheath at least partially disposed around the at least one reinforcing layer; and
(d) a thermally insulating layer disposed between the at least one reinforcing layer and the outer protective sheath,
wherein the thermally insulating layer comprises a thermoplastic vulcanizate composition comprising: (i) a dispersed phase of an at least partially cured rubber comprising repeating units derived from at least one C 4 to C 7 isomonoolefin monomer and (ii) a continuous phase including at least one thermoplastic polymer.
2. The flexible conduit of claim 1 , wherein the at least partially cured rubber of the dispersed phase comprises repeating units derived from at least one C 4 to C 7 multiolefin monomer.
3. The flexible conduit of claim 1 , wherein the at least partially cured rubber comprises units derived from isobutene and units derived from paramethyl-styrene.
4. The flexible conduit of claim 2 , wherein the isomonoolefin comprises isobutene and the multiolefin comprises isoprene.
5. The flexible conduit of claim 1 , wherein the rubber of the dispersed phase is halogenated.
6. The flexible conduit of claim 5 , wherein the rubber is halogenated with bromine or chloride.
7. The flexible conduit of claim 1 , wherein the rubber of the dispersed phase is non-halogenated.
8. The flexible conduit of claim 1 , wherein the rubber of the dispersed phase is cured with a curing agent selected from at least one of peroxides, phenolic curatives, moisture curatives, hydrosilylation curatives, silane-based curatives, and combinations thereof.
9. The flexible conduit of claim 1 , wherein the continuous phase includes at least one of polypropylene, polyethylene, and combinations thereof.
10. The flexible conduit of claim 1 , wherein the continuous phase includes a polyamide.
11. The flexible conduit of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic vulcanizate composition comprises from about 30% to about 95% of the dispersed phase (i) based on the total weight of the thermoplastic vulcanizate composition.
12. The flexible conduit of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic vulcanizate composition comprises from about 5% to about 70% of the continuous phase (ii) based on the total weight of the thermoplastic vulcanizate composition.
13. The flexible conduit of claim 1 , wherein the thermally insulating layer further comprises a filler.
14. The flexible conduit of claim 1 , wherein the thermally insulating layer has at least one of the following properties:
(i) a thermal conductivity in the range from about 0.10 to about 0.20 W/(m−K); and
(ii) an abrasion resistance of less than about 3% in weight loss based on the total weight of the layer.
15. The flexible conduit of claim 1 , wherein the outer protective sheath comprises a second thermoplastic vulcanizate composition that is the same as the thermally insulating layer.
16. The flexible conduit of claim 1 , wherein the outer protective sheath comprises a second thermoplastic vulcanizate composition comprising (i) a dispersed phase of an ethylene-α-olefin-vinyl norbornene rubber that has been at least partially cured by hydrosilylation and (ii) a continuous phase including at least one second thermoplastic polymer.
17. The flexible conduit of claim 1 , wherein the outer protective sheath comprises a second thermoplastic vulcanizate composition and flexible conduit are in accordance with at least one of API Spec 17J, API Spec 17K, and DNV RP F119.
18. The flexible conduit of claim 1 , wherein the thermally insulating layer and flexible conduit are in accordance with at least one of API Spec 17J, API Spec 17K, and DNV RP F119.
19. The flexible conduit of claim 1 , wherein the rubber of the dispersed phase is cured with a phenolic resin.
20. The flexible conduit of claim 19 , wherein the phenolic resin is a phenolic resin in oil.
21. The flexible conduit of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic vulcanizate composition comprises at least one oil.
22. The flexible conduit of claim 21 , wherein the at least one oil is at least one of a paraffinic oil, a polyisobutylene, and combinations thereof.
23. The flexible conduit of claim 22 , wherein the polyisobutylene has a number average molecular weight (M n ) of less than 10,000 g/mol.
24. The flexible conduit of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic vulcanizate composition has a hardness in the range of 60 Shore A to 60 Shore D.
25. The flexible conduit of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic vulcanizate composition has a creep time of greater than 500 seconds.