Polymer matrix composites comprising dielectric particles and methods of making the same
A polymer matrix composite comprising a porous polymeric network; and a plurality of dielectric particles distributed within the polymeric network structure; wherein the dielectric particles are present in a range from 5 to 98 weight percent, based on the total weight of the dielectric particles and the polymer (excluding the solvent); and wherein the polymer matrix composite has a dielectric constant in a range from 1.05 to 80; and methods for making the same. Polymer matrix composites comprising dielectric particles are useful, for example, as electric field insulators.
1. A polymer matrix composite comprising:
a porous polymeric network structure comprising a polymer having a number average molecular weight in a range from 1×10 6 to 8×10 6 g/mol; and
a plurality of dielectric particles distributed within the polymeric network structure,
wherein the dielectric particles are present in a range from 75 to 98 weight percent, based on the total weight of the dielectric particles and the polymeric network structure,
wherein the polymer matrix composite has a dielectric constant in a range from 1.05 to 80, and
optionally wherein the polymer matrix composite has a density in a range from 0.05 to 6 g/cm 3 .
2. The polymer matrix composite of claim 1 , wherein the dielectric particles comprise at least one of barium titanate, alumina, titania, CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 , or glass bubbles each having a first major surface coated with a layer comprising at least one metal, and a layer comprising at least one metal oxide coated on to the layer comprising at least one metal.
3. The polymer matrix composite of claim 1 , wherein the porous polymeric network structure comprises at least one of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene or ultra-high molecular weight polypropylene.
4. The polymer matrix composite of claim 1 , wherein the porous polymeric network structure comprises phase separated plurality of interconnected morphologies.
5. The polymer matrix composite of claim 1 , wherein the polymer matrix composite is in the form of a layer having a thickness in a range from 50 to 7000 micrometers.
6. A method of making the polymer matrix composite of claim 1 , the method comprising:
combining a thermoplastic polymer comprising a polymer having a number average molecular weight in a range from 1×10 6 to 8×10 6 g/mol, a solvent, and a plurality of dielectric particles to provide a slurry;
forming the slurry into an article;
heating the article in an environment to retain at least 90 percent by weight of the solvent in the article, based on the weight of the solvent in the article, and solubilize at least 50 by weight percent of the thermoplastic polymer, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic polymer; and
inducing phase separation of the thermoplastic polymer from the solvent to provide the polymer matrix composite, optionally further comprising removing at least a portion of the solvent from the formed article after inducing phase separation of the thermoplastic polymer from the solvent.
7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising removing at least a portion of the solvent from the formed article after inducing phase separation of the thermoplastic polymer from the solvent.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein no solvent is removed from the formed article.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein inducing phase separation includes thermally induced phase separation.
10. The method of claim 6 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer in the slurry has a melting point, wherein the solvent has a boiling point, and wherein combining is conducted below the melting point of the thermoplastic polymer in the slurry, and below the boiling point of the solvent.
11. The method of claim 6 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer in the slurry has a melting point, and wherein inducing phase separation is conducted at less than the melting point of the thermoplastic polymer in the slurry.
12. The method of claim 6 , further comprising compressing the polymer matrix composite.
13. The method of claim 6 , further comprising applying vibratory energy to the polymer matrix composite simultaneously with the applying a compressive force.
14. A method of making the polymer matrix composite of claim 1 , the method comprising:
combining a thermoplastic polymer comprising a polymer having a number average molecular weight in a range from 1×10 6 to 8×10 6 g/mol, a solvent the thermoplastic polymer is soluble, and a plurality of dielectric particles to form a miscible thermoplastic polymer-solvent solution;
inducing phase separation of the thermoplastic polymer from the solvent; and
removing at least a portion of the solvent to provide the polymer matrix composite.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein inducing phase separation includes at least one of thermally induced phase separation or solvent induced phase separation.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer in the miscible thermoplastic polymer-solvent solution has a melting point, wherein the solvent has a boiling point, and wherein combining is conducted at temperature above the melting point of the miscible thermoplastic polymer-solvent solution, and below the boiling point of the solvent.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the thermoplastic polymer in the miscible thermoplastic polymer-solvent solution has a melting point, and wherein inducing phase separation is conducted at less than the melting point of the thermoplastic polymer in the miscible thermoplastic polymer-solvent solution.
18. The method of claim 14 , further comprising compressing the polymer matrix composite.
19. The method of claim 14 , further comprising applying vibratory energy to the polymer matrix composite simultaneously with the applying a compressive force.
20. An electric field insulator comprising the polymer matrix composite of claim 1 .