Systems and method of precision functional mapping-guided interventional planning

1. A method of performing functional mapping of a subject for interventional planning, comprising:

using a computer system, acquiring functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of a brain of the subject;

using a computer system, determining functional connectivity of the brain between a voxel in a subcortical region of the brain and a voxel in a cortical region of the brain, based on the fMRI data;

identifying a target location in the brain to be targeted by neuromodulation based on the calculated functional connectivity;

using a computer system, generating a report indicating the target location; and

wherein determining the functional connectivity of the brain includes determining a temporal correlation of a neurophysiological index.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein, the neurophysiological index is a measure of low frequency fluctuations of blood flow or oxygenation measured across a plurality of regions in the brain.

3. The method claim 1 , wherein determining functional connectivity further comprises:

determining functional connectivity of the brain between the voxel in the subcortical region of the brain and a vertex in a cortical functional network using a predetermined threshold.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the predetermined threshold is 0.7.

5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the fMRI data includes blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) activity time-course data from each vertex in the cortical functional network and determining functional connectivity further comprises:

averaging the BOLD activity time-course data of the cortical functional network across all vertices in the cortical functional network;

extracting BOLD activity time-course data from the voxel in the subcortical region; and

determining functional connectivity as a correlation between the BOLD activity time-course data of the voxel in the subcortical region and the BOLD activity time-course data of the cortical functional network.

6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the target location is in an integrative zone, wherein determining functional connectivity comprises determining functional connectivity of the brain between the voxel in the subcortical region and each cortical functional network in a plurality of cortical functional networks; and

identifying a target location further comprises:

identifying a winning functional network among the plurality of cortical functional networks as a functional network having the highest functional connectivity with the voxel;

including the voxel in the integrative zone when functional connectivity between the voxel and one or more functional networks is above a threshold, wherein the one or more functional networks are among a remaining of the plurality of cortical functional networks minus the winning functional network; and

identifying the target location to include the integrative zone.

7. The method of claim 6 , further comprising indicating a location for delivery of neuromodulation at the integrative zone.

8. The method of claim 6 , further comprising identifying a given subcortical region as an integrative zone if a correlation between the given subcortical region and one or more functional networks other than the winning functional network is greater than at least 66%.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein acquiring fMRI data of the subject comprises acquiring resting state (rs) fMRI data of the subject.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein:

acquiring fMRI data further comprises acquiring task fMRI data of the subject;

determining functional connectivity further comprises determining functional connectivity based on the rs-fMRI data; and

the method further comprises:

identifying at least one of an activation region and a deactivation region based on the acquired task fMRI data to derive a task fMRI map; and

validating the identified target location using the derived task fMRI map.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein acquiring fMRI data of the subject comprises acquiring more than one hundred minutes of rs-fMRI data of the subject.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining functional connectivity comprises determining functional connectivity between the voxel in the subcortical region and a region of interest (ROI) in the cortical region.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining functional connectivity further comprises calculating timing of the functional connectivity between the voxel in a subcortical region and the voxel in the cortical region based on the fMRI data.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein identifying a target location further comprises identifying a voxel having an abnormal timing compared to a healthy individual as the target location.

15. A system comprising:

a computing device including a processor programmed to:

receive functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of a brain of the subject;

determine functional connectivity of the brain between a voxel in a subcortical region of the brain and a voxel in a cortical region of the brain, based on the fMRI data;

identify a target location in the brain to be targeted by neuromodulation based on the determined functional connectivity;

a display configured to display the target location;

wherein the processor is further programmed to determine the functional connectivity of the brain by determining a temporal correlation of a neurophysiological index.

16. The system of claim 15 , wherein, the neurophysiological index is a measure of low frequency fluctuations of blood flow or oxygenation measured across a plurality of regions in the brain.

17. The system of claim 15 , wherein the processor is further configured to determine the functional connectivity identifying changes in blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signals within the fMRI data using a frequency threshold of less than 0.1 Hz.

18. The system of claim 15 , wherein processor forms part of a magnetic resonance imaging (MM) system and the fMRI data is resting state (rs) fMRI data.

19. The system of claim 15 , wherein the processor is configured determine functional connectivity of the brain between the voxel in the subcortical region of the brain and a vertex in a cortical functional network by assessing BOLD activity time-course data from each vertex in the cortical functional network and determining functional connectivity further comprises:

averaging the BOLD activity time-course data of the cortical functional network across all vertices in the cortical functional network;

extracting BOLD activity time-course data from the voxel in the subcortical region; and

determining functional connectivity as a correlation between the BOLD activity time-course data of the voxel in the subcortical region and the BOLD activity time-course data of the cortical functional network.

20. A system, comprising:

a computing device including a processor electrically coupled to a memory, the processor programmed to:

acquire resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data of a brain of the subject;

determine functional connectivity between separate regions of the brain by assessing low-frequency changes in blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signals from the rs-fMRI data by comparing the rs-fMRI data to a predetermined threshold;

generate a map of functional connectivity of the brain at least showing areas of the brain with low-frequency changes in the BOLD signals below the predetermined threshold; and

a display to display the map of functional connectivity; and

wherein the predetermined threshold is above 0.1 Hz.

21. The system of claim 20 , further comprising:

a magnet system configured to generate a polarizing magnetic field about at least a portion of a subject;

a magnetic gradient system including a plurality of magnetic gradient coils configured to apply at least one magnetic gradient field to the polarizing magnetic field;

a radio frequency (RF) system configured to apply an RF field to the subject and to receive magnetic resonance signals from the subject using a coil array; and

wherein the computer device is further programmed to control the RF system to acquire the rs-fMRI data.