System and method for integrated deposition and heating
Herein disclosed is a method of manufacturing comprises depositing a composition on a substrate slice by slice to form an object; heating in situ the object using electromagnetic radiation (EMR); wherein said composition comprises a first material and a second material, wherein the second material has a higher absorption of the radiation than the first material. In an embodiment, the EMR has a wavelength ranging from 10 to 1500 nm and the EMR has a minimum energy density of 0.1 Joule/cm 2 . In an embodiment, the EMR comprises UV light, near ultraviolet light, near infrared light, infrared light, visible light, laser, electron beam. In an embodiment, said object comprises a catalyst, a catalyst support, a catalyst composite, an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, an electrode, an interconnect, a seal, a fuel cell, an electrochemical gas producer, an electrolyser, an electrochemical compressor, a reactor, a heat exchanger, a vessel, or combinations thereof.
1. A method of manufacturing comprising:
depositing a composition on a substrate slice by slice to form an object; and
sintering a slice using electromagnetic radiation (EMR) provided by a xenon lamp;
wherein said composition comprises a first material and a second material, wherein the second material has a higher absorption of the electromagnetic radiation than the first material;
wherein the first material consists of 8YSZ (8 mol % YSZ), gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC or CGO), Samaria-doped ceria (SDC), Scandia-stabilized zirconia (SSZ), Lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM), Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite (LSCF), Lanthanum Strontium Cobaltite (LSC), Lanthanum Strontium Gallium Magnesium Oxide (LSGM), NiO, NiO-YSZ, Cu 2 O, CuO, lanthanum chromite, doped lanthanum chromite, or combinations thereof; and
wherein the second material consists of nickel oxide, CGO, NiO-YSZ, NiO-SSZ, LSCF, LSM, doped lanthanum chromite, or combinations thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic radiation has a power output of no less than 100 W.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic radiation has a wavelength of 10 to 1500 nm and the EMR has a minimum energy density of 0.1 Joule/cm 2 .
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said object comprises a catalyst, a catalyst support, a catalyst composite, an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, an electrode, an interconnect, a seal, a fuel cell, an electrochemical gas producer, an electrolyser, an electrochemical compressor, a reactor, a heat exchanger, a vessel, or a combination of any two or more thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second material is deposited in the same slice as the first material.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second material is a deposited in a slice adjacent another slice that contains the first material.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein sintering the slice removes at least a portion of the second material.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second material adds thermal energy to the first material during sintering.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second material has a radiation absorption that is at least 5 times that of the first material.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second material has a peak absorbance wavelength no less than 200 nm.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first material has a peak absorbance wavelength no greater than 700 nm.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the EMR has a wavelength no less than 200 nm.
13. The method of claim 1 comprising controlling a distance from the xenon lamp to the substrate, controlling an energy density of EMR provided by the xenon lamp, controlling a spectrum of EMR provided by the xenon lamp, controlling a voltage provided to the xenon lamp, controlling a duration of EMR exposure to the substrate, controlling an area of the substrate exposed to EMR, controlling a volume of the substrate exposed to EMR, controlling an EMR burst frequency, controlling a number of EMR exposures to the substrate, or combinations thereof.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the object does not change location between depositing and sintering.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electromagnetic radiation has a power output of no less than 1 W.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second material has a radiation absorption that is at least 10 times that of the first material.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second material has a radiation absorption that is at least 50 times that of the first material.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second material has a radiation absorption that is at least 100 times that of the first material.