High strength, scratch resistant and transparent glass-based materials
Embodiments of a transparent glass-based material comprising a glass phase and a second phase that is different from and is dispersed in the glass phase are provided. The second phase may comprise a crystalline or a nanocrystalline phase, a fiber, and/or glass particles. In some embodiments, the second phase is crystalline. In one or more embodiments, the glass-based material has a transmittance of at least about 88% over a visible spectrum ranging from about 400 nm to about 700 nm and a fracture toughness of at least about 0.9 MPa·m 1/2 , and wherein a surface of the glass-based material, when scratched with a Knoop diamond at a load of at least 5 N to form a scratch having a width w, is free of chips having a size of greater than 3w.
1. A glass-ceramic material, comprising:
a glass phase; and
ceramic phase dispersed within the glass phase,
wherein:
the glass-ceramic material has a transmittance of at least 88%/mm over a visible spectrum ranging from 400 nm to 700 nm,
the ceramic phase comprises at least one of mullite, spinel, β-quartz, petalite, lithium disilicate, β-spodumene, nepheline, and alumina,
the glass phase comprises at least one of a soda lime glass, an alkali aluminosilicate glass, and a lithium alumina silicate glass, and
the glass-ceramic material has a fracture toughness of at least 0.9 MPa·m 1/2 .
2. The glass-ceramic material of claim 1 , wherein a surface of the glass-ceramic material, when scratched with a Knoop diamond at a load of at least 5 N to form a scratch having a width w, is free of chips having a size of greater than 3 w.
3. The glass-ceramic material of claim 1 , further comprising a second crystalline phase, the second crystalline phase comprising nepheline or anorthite.
4. The glass-ceramic material of claim 1 , wherein a difference in refractive index between the glass phase and the ceramic phase is less than 0.025.
5. The glass-ceramic material of claim 1 , wherein the glass-ceramic material has a retained strength after abrasion of at least 250 MPa as measured by abraded ring-on-ring testing.
6. The glass-ceramic material of claim 1 , wherein the glass-ceramic material has a coefficient of thermal expansion of less than 45×10 −7 K −1 .
7. The glass-ceramic material of claim 1 , wherein the glass-ceramic material has a Young's modulus in a range from 80 GPa to 100 GPa.
8. The glass-ceramic material of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic phase comprises particles having a mean size in a range from 5 nm to 200 nm.
9. The glass-ceramic material of claim 1 , wherein a volume fraction of the ceramic phase in the glass-ceramic material is in a range from 10% to 98%.
10. The glass-ceramic material of claim 1 , has a fracture toughness of at least 1.2 MPa·m 1/2 .
11. The glass-ceramic material of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic phase comprises at least one of mullite and β-quartz.
12. The glass-ceramic material of claim 1 , wherein the ceramic phase comprises at least one of mullite, spinel, petalite, lithium disilicate, β-spodumene, nepheline, and alumina.
13. The glass-ceramic material of claim 1 , wherein the glass phase comprises:
55 to 75 mol % SiO 2 ;
10 to 20 mol % Al 2 O 3 ;
0 to 16 mol % B 2 O 3 ;
0 to 4 mol % Na 2 O;
0 to 4 mol % K 2 O;
0 to 8 mol % Li 2 O;
0 to 12 mol % MgO;
0 to 10 mol % ZnO;
0 to 5 mol % ZrO 2 ; and
0 to 0.5 mol % SnO 2 .
14. The glass-ceramic material of claim 13 , wherein the ceramic phase comprises at least one of mullite and β-quartz.
15. The glass-ceramic material of claim 13 , wherein the glass-ceramic material is ion exchanged.
16. The glass-ceramic material of claim 1 , wherein the glass-ceramic material has a thickness of less than or equal to 1 mm.
17. The glass-ceramic material of claim 1 , wherein the glass-ceramic material is ion exchanged.
18. A consumer electronic product comprising the glass-ceramic material of claim 1 .
19. The consumer electronic product of claim 18 , further comprising a housing, wherein the glass-ceramic material forms at least a portion of the housing.
20. The consumer electronic product of claim 18 , further comprising a cover plate, wherein the glass-ceramic material forms at least a portion of the cover plate.