Use of cortisol in assessment and prophylactic treatment of hypokalemia associated with glucocorticoid receptor modulator treatment of Cushing's syndrome patients
This invention provides new methods for a) identifying Cushing's Syndrome patients at high risk of developing hypokalemia during glucocorticoid receptor modulator (GRM) treatment, and b) for prophylactically treating such patients to prevent, or reduce the severity of, hypokalemia. Patients at such high risk may be identified prior to their developing hypokalemia. Such a patient may be an adult patient with endogenous Cushing's Syndrome having type 2 diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance to control hyperglycemia secondary to hypercortisolism. Patients may be identified by an above-threshold level of ACTH or cortisol in a patient sample taken post-GRM administration or pre-GRM administration, respectively. Upon identifying such a patient prior to the development of low potassium, the present methods provide for prophylactically treating the patient by administration of one or more hypokalemia treatments concurrently with an increased dose of GRM or with an initial dose of GRM to prevent hypokalemia.
1. A method for reducing the risk of developing hypokalemia or preventing the development of hypokalemia in an adult patient with endogenous Cushing's syndrome having type 2 diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance, wherein the patient will be treated with mifepristone to control hyperglycemia secondary to hypercortisolism, the method comprising:
(a) identifying an adult patient with endogenous Cushing's syndrome having type 2 diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance who:
(i) has a morning salivary cortisol level that is at least 34 nmol/L, indicating that the patient has a greatly increased risk of developing hypokalemia with mifepristone treatment as compared to patients with lower morning salivary cortisol levels,
(ii) does not have a lower than normal potassium level;
(iii) has not been administered mifepristone, and
(iv) will be treated with mifepristone to control hyperglycemia secondary to hypercortisolism;
(a) administering to the patient an effective amount of a therapeutic agent for treating hypokalemia, and
(b) administering an initial dose of mifepristone,
whereby the patient is treated to control hyperglycemia secondary to hypercortisolism and the risk of developing hypokalemia is reduced or hypokalemia is prevented in the patient.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient suffers from ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering to the patient the therapeutic agent for treating hypokalemia just before, or at about the same time as, increasing the patient's mifepristone dose and administering to the patient a second and higher dose of mifepristone.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the therapeutic agent for treating hypokalemia comprises a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist or a potassium supplement.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist is spironolactone.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said initial mifepristone dose is 300 mg/day, 600 mg/day, 900 mg/day, or 1200 mg/day of mifepristone.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the patient has failed surgery, or is not a candidate for surgery, for Cushing's syndrome.