Silver molecular ink with low viscosity and low processing temperature
A molecular ink contains: a silver carboxylate; and a polymeric binder comprising a polyester, polyimide, polyether imide or any mixture thereof having functional groups that render the polymeric binder compatible with the organic amine. Such an ink may have higher silver loading, lower viscosity and lower processing temperatures than existing silver inks.
1. A molecular ink comprising:
a silver carboxylate present in the ink in an amount to provide a silver loading of 23 wt % or more in the ink based on total weight of the ink;
5 wt % to 50 wt % based on total weight of the ink of an organic amine, the organic amine comprising a pyrimidine, a pyrrole, a pyrrolidine, an oxazoline, a piperidine, an isoxazole or a morpholine; and
0.1 wt % to 10 wt % based on total weight of the ink of a polymeric binder comprising
a polyester having functional groups which are polar groups capable of participating in hydrogen bonding that render the polymeric binder compatible with the organic amine,
a polyimide having functional groups which are polar groups capable of participating in hydrogen bonding that render the polymeric binder compatible with the organic amine,
a polyether imide having functional groups which are polar groups capable of participating in hydrogen bonding that render the polymeric binder compatible with the organic amine,
or any mixture thereof,
wherein the functional groups are one or more of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino and sulfonyl groups.
2. The ink according to claim 1 , wherein the silver carboxylate comprises silver neodecanoate.
3. The ink according to claim 2 , wherein the silver neodecanoate is present in an amount of about 70 wt % or more, based on total weight of the ink.
4. The ink according to claim 1 , wherein the organic amine comprises 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline.
5. The ink according to claim 1 , wherein the polymeric binder is dispersible in the organic amine.
6. The ink according to claim 1 , wherein the polymeric binder comprises hydroxyl- and/or carboxyl-terminated polyester.
7. The ink according to claim 1 , wherein the polymeric binder is present in an amount of about 0.5 wt % to about 10 wt %, based on total weight of the ink.
8. The ink according to claim 1 , further comprising a solvent.
9. The ink according to claim 8 , wherein the solvent comprises an octanol.
10. The ink according to claim 8 , wherein the solvent is present in an amount in a range of about 5 wt % to about 40 wt %, based on total weight of the ink.
11. A process for producing a conductive silver trace on a substrate, the process comprising depositing an ink as defined in claim 1 onto a substrate to form a non-conductive trace of the ink on the substrate, and sintering the non-conductive trace of the ink on the substrate to form the conductive silver trace.
12. The process according to claim 11 , wherein the sintering is performed at a temperature in a range of about 150° C. to about 185° C.
13. The process according to claim 11 , wherein the sintering is performed at a temperature in a range of about 150° C. to about 175° C.
14. The process according to claim 11 , wherein the substrate comprises polyethylene terephthalate, polyolefin, polydimethylsiloxane, polystyrene, acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene, polycarbonate, polyimide, thermoplastic polyurethane, a silicone membrane, wool, silk, cotton, flax, jute, modal, bamboo, nylon, polyester, acrylic, aramid, spandex, polylactide, paper, glass, metal or a dielectric coating.
15. The process according to claim 11 , wherein the depositing comprises printing.